PLANETARY CIRCULATION AND RADIATION
115
TABLE 27
The Mean Observed Temperatures in the Atmosphere from Balloon
Ascensions Arranged in the Order of Latitude
Lati
tude
Num
ber
Russia
Eng
land
Ger
many
France
St.
Louis
Atlantic Ocean Tropics
Viet.
Nyanza
56°
143
53°
200
51°
380
49°
581
o> 53
CO N
35°
12
25°
6
15°
8
5°
6
0°
12
19000
18000
190 5
17000
197 1
16000
202 6
15000
213 8
206 8
14000
219.1
218.6
218.9
212.2
211.2
210.7
210.0
214.1
210.8
13000
219.3
218.5
218.6
214.2
214.6
212.6
216.2
218.1
216.0
12000
218.3
219.6
218.8
217.8
216.7
219.4
217.4
223.6
224.7
222.6
11000
217.7
219.4
220.2
219.0
221.0
225.8
224.7
231.8
231.8
231.4
10000
218.9
223.1
223.4
223.7
226.2
233.7
233.2
240.2
239.3
238.9
9000
224.3
228.4
228.6
229.5
232.9
242.0
241.8
248.2
247.2
246.1
8000
231.4
235.2
235.0
236.8
239.8
250.0
249.6
255.5
254.6
250.7
7000
239.1
241.8
242.2
244.0
248.5
257.6
256.6
261.8
261.4
258.0
6000
246.4
248.8
249.3
251.1
256.1
264.4
263.0
267.6
267.3
263.4
5000
253.1
255.4
256.1
257.6
262.7
270.5
268.8
272.8
272.1
269.2
4000
259.3
261.7
262.3
263.6
268.6
275.8
274.6
277.9
277.2
274.7
3000
265.3
268.8
268.0
269.0
273.5
280.9
279.3
282.8
282.0
280.8
2000
269.9
272.5
273.1
273.7
277.8
285.4
283.9
287.5
286.7
288.4
1000
274.3
2,77.1
277.6
278.3
281.1
290.9
288.7
292.2
292.3
296.2
000
277.1
281.3
282.9
282.5
285.9
298.9
296.2
298.4
300.8
as given in Table 29 for all elevations, the wind is eastward,
increasing from the surface to a maximum on the 9,000-10,000-
meter level, where it suddenly falls in velocity, and prevails
eastward or variable throughout the isothermal region. These
velocity conditions conform to Bigelow’s observations at Wash
ington, D. C., 1896-97, International Cloud Report, Charts
11, 14, and Monthly Weather Review, April, May, June, 1904.
The reports of the International Committee show that for the
hemisphere at large, these westward and eastward circulations
tend to concentrate about “centers of action,” wherein the
continuity of the high-pressure belt around the globe in longitude
is broken up into sections, one over the Atlantic Ocean in each
hemisphere, and another over the Pacific Ocean in each hemi
sphere. This subdivision is due to the mutual influence of