5 
The step wedge is positioned and printed on the film as 
follows: 
The slides in the magazines of the Wild RC-8 cameras 
extend about one inch under a lip at the forward end of the 
magazines when in a fully closed position. These slides can 
be withdrawn as much as V2 inch from the fully closed posi 
tion, by manually releasing the locking button, without 
permitting any light to fog the film. 
We marked our slides at this V2 inch position and drilled 
a 1/32 inch hole in each slide at the position shown in figure 
18. The photographer withdraws the slide slightly, inserts a 
needle through the 1/32 inch hole, and makes a punch mark 
on the film to guide the laboratory technician who must 
work in total darkness. The 1/32 inch hole is positioned so 
that the photographer need withdraw the slide only about 
1/8 inch for this operation. This hole permits no light to 
enter the magazine when the slide is fully closed and the 
small amount of light that enters during the punching of 
the film does not affect the subsequent printing of the step 
wedges. 
The photographer leaves two blanks at the beginning 
of the roll and punches the needle hole after the second 
blank has been wound through. Since the needle hole is at 
the forward corner of the magazine, this positions the 
punched hole between the two blanks. 
One blank is left at the end of photography on each 
roll and a punch mark is made at the end of this blank. 
Two blanks are also left as near the center of the roll 
as possible without breaking a flight line, and a hole is 
punched between these blanks. Thus, unexposed film is left 
at the center and both ends of each roll for the introduction 
of the step wedge and each of these unexposed sections of 
film is marked with a punched hole. 
The sensitometric strips are exposed on the film in the 
laboratory, in total darkness, at the places indicated by the 
punch marks (Figure 19). The film is then processed in the 
normal manner using a wind-rewind system (Figure 17). An 
analysis is made from the sensitometric strips immediately 
after processing to detect: exposure errors, processing errors 
due to chemistry or chemistry break down, color shifts 
inherent in the film emulsions or other faults in manufac 
turing, and to obtain information as to densities resulting 
from the wind rewind method at the middle and ends of 
the strip. 
The color film is processed at 75° F using Anscochrome 80° 
chemistry for Anscochrome FPC-289 film and Kodak 75°, 
E2-E3 chemistry for the Kodak MS Ektachrome film (Fig. 17). 
The agitation provided by the wind-rewind method eliminates 
the need for an additional nitrogen-burst agitation system. 
The chemical treatments and flow diagrams are shown in tables 
2 and 3. 
Recommended pH levels and permissible tolerances for each 
step are shown in Tables 4 and 5. 
A departure from these levels may be necessary because 
of the chemical composition of local water sources. We have 
found that the use of a forced-air-type film dryer without heat, 
and a dilution of the final rinse solution in the dewind tank to 
six parts of water to one part of rinse chemical, permits a re 
duction in the number of required tanks. The rinse solution also 
functions as the final wetting agent in the process. 
SUGGESTED PROCESSING TIME AND 
TEMPERATURE TABLE FOR ANSCHROME 
TYPE FILMS 
Solution Temperature 100 ft. 
TOTAL DARKNESS 
1) 
Pre bath 
75F ± 
2F 
6 
2) 
First Developer 
75F ± 
iF 
12 
3) 
Short stop hardener 
75F ± 
2F 
5 
Wash in running water 
70F — 
75F 
20 
Second exposure—Two complete 
cycles 
with 
a No. 2 photoflood 3 ft. from 
each side of the film 
Note: Handle the wet film carefully so that no 
water will splatter on the hot lamp causing 
it to shatter. 
ROOM LIGHT 
Color Developer 
75F ± 
*F 
32 
Short stop hardener 
75F + 
2F 
5 
Wash in running water 
70F — 
75F 
20 
Bleach 
75F ± 
2F 
11 
Wash in running water 
70F — 
75F 
10 
Fixer 
75F ± 
2F 
6 
Wash in running water 
70F — 
75F 
15 
Stabilizer 
75F ± 
2F 
6 
Wash in running water 
70F — 
75F 
3 
Final rinse 
75F ± 
2F 
2 
Note: Wash times for this process 
have been 
calculated on the 
basis of a 2| 
gallon 
/minute flow. If 
the water flow 
is less 
than this wash times should be increased. 
TABLE 2 
Summary of steps for 
KODAK EKTACHROME FILM PROCESS E-3 
Agitation: See instructions and follow them carefully. 
Timing: Include drain time (10 seconds) in time for each processing step. 
Solution or 
Procedure 
Remarks 
Temp 
(F) 
Time 
in Min 
Total Min 
at end 
of Step 
1. First 
Developer 
75±| 
10 
10 
2. Rinse 
Running water 
73—77 
1 
11 
3. Hardener 
73—77 
3 
14 
Remaining steps can be done in normal room light. 
4. Wash 
Running water 
73—77 
3 
17 
5. Reversal 
Exposure 
Re-expose as prescribed for equipment used. 
Films must receive at least 1-minute drain 
before color development. 
Reset 
Timer 
to Zero 
6. Color 
Developer 
73—77 
15 
15 
7. Wash 
Running water 
73—77 
5 
20 
8. Clearing 
Bath 
73—77 
5 
25 
9. Rinse 
Running water 
73—77 
1 
26 
10. Bleach 
See warning on label. 
73—77 
8 
34 
11. Rinse 
Running water 
73—77 
1 
35 
12. Fixing Bath 
73—77 
6 
41 
13. Wash 
Running water 
73—77 
8 
49 
14. Stabilizer 
See warning on label. 
73—77 
1 
50 
15. Dry 
Remove sheet films from hang 
ers and roll films from reels. 
Not over 
110 
TABLE 3