BuL 3/1964
155
Designation
Year*) Reference Type
Lacmann
1931
[1]
optical projection, with sharp imagery
Ferber
1933
[2]
optical projection, with sharp imagery
Bean (Orthophotoscope)
with several successive models
1955
[3]
optical procejtion, with depth of field
FT-Schtsch
1959
[4]
optical projection, with sharp imagery
Integrated Mapping System
1961
[5]
image transfer by means of cathode ray tubes
Digital Automatic Map Compilation
1962
[6]
image transfer by means of cathode ray tubes
Automatic Map Compilation System
and
Automatic Stereomapping System
(Ramo-Wooldridge)
1963
[7]
image transfer by means of cathode ray tubes
Stereomat (Hunting/Raytheon)
1963
[8]
image transfer by means of cathode ray tubes
GZ 1 Orthoprojector (Zeiss)
1964
19]
optical projection, with sharp imagery
*) The years refer to the respective publications. On the majority of these developments, there are several, partly preceding publications.
The different instrument systems are, in addition, distinguished by the fact that measuring process
and exposure are either simultaneous or successive due to the use of memories. For the instruments
based on a direct, optical reconstruction of the path of rays there are solutions incorporating two
projectors as well as others using three rigidly connected projectors. The storage media used are
cardboard templets, pencil lines, punched paper tape, magnetic tape and scribed profile lines.
Droppeddine contour charts are produced in addition to the orthophotogram proper. In the American
systems, particular importance is attached to replacing the human operator by photoelectric scanning
systems for elevation determination. An interesting summary of the work of about 35 years ago
will be found on pages 83 to 88 of the publication [9]. A review of American developments is contained,
among others, in [10].
3. The GZ 1 Orthoprojector
On the initiative of Prof. Dr. E. Gigas, work on such a development project was resumed in
Germany also. The instrument designed at Oberkochen, which in its basic design follows very
closely Lacmann’s original ideas, was primarily influenced in the practical stage by suggestions from
H. Utz.