graphed with a 35 nun camera from the observation deck of the terminal building, approximately 1600 meters 
from the scene of the crash. One of the photographs showed the airplane shortly before impact, but the quality 
of this photograph was poor. To determine the orientation of the airplane just before crashing, the camera 
orientation was reconstructed in a local coordinate system by means of photogrammetric measurements of 
objects recorded in the picture. Coordinates of various details of the airplane were computed in the same 
coordinate system. From the comparison of these coordinates and the dimensions of the airplane, the accuracy 
of the photogrammetric method was determined. The direction computed for the fuselage was found to be 
accurate to ±21', the pitch angle to ± 103', and the roll angle to ±11'. The flight direction was derived from 
the positions of the craters of three of the four engines, which were visible on aerial photographs taken after 
the crash. An accuracy of approximately 2° was obtained. 
A hydrofoil, towing an underwater surveying unit, was photographed from another vessel, with a stereo 
metric camera. The photographs were used at the National Research Council for photogrammetric deter 
mination of the angle between the towing rope and the water surface. The accuracy was found to be sufficient 
if the distance between the camera and the hydrofoil did not exceed 60 meters. 
COMMISSION VI 
Education, Terminology, Bibliography 
Reporter: Dr. G. Konecny, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. 
As a follow-up to the survey on educational facilities for photogrammetry conducted in 1964 (28) a 
questionnaire was circulated to 45 universities and affiliated colleges, 10 technical institutions, seven federal 
government agencies, the 10 provincial governments and 10 photogrammetric companies in Canada. Eighty- 
three per cent of these questionnaires were returned. 
In line with the work of commission vi of the International Society for Photogrammetry, the questionnaire 
attempted to characterize the educational facilities for photogrammetry and photo interpretation at the 
various levels throughout the country, as far as courses of instruction, number of students, staff and equipment 
are concerned. It also attempted to include information on the development of computer programs in photo 
grammetry and the availability of photogrammetric literature. Government agencies and private industry were 
asked for a level classification of their photogrammetric personnel and for an indication of their future demand. 
The results of the survey were tabulated. 
The tabulations show all universities which offer instruction in photogrammetry and photo interpretation 
in Canada. They differentiate between service courses, which are offered to persons not seeking a professional 
occupation in photogrammetry or photo interpretation, and professional courses, which are designed for 
survey engineers, civil engineers or foresters, geologists, etc., who will devote a significant portion of their 
professional activities to photogrammetry or photo interpretation. 
In the technical schools, the instruction is generally offered as a separate course in survey or civil technology. 
Only one institute gives a special one year photogrammetry technician program for the training of photo 
grammetric operators. Photo interpretation is offered at two technical institutions as a service course. The 
Mapping and Charting Establishment of the Canadian Forces as well as the Topographical Survey of Canada 
conduct special in-house training courses in photogrammetry as part of an upgrading program of technical 
employees. 
The equipment available at the institutions was tabulated. Most universities offering instruction in photo 
grammetry have anaglyphic plotters, on which basic instruction is carried out. All three institutions offering a 
professional program in photogrammetry have a first-order stereocomparator; however, only two have first or 
second order analog type stereo plotters. Both institutions also own an OMI Bendix analytical plotter. With 
one exception, all universities have computer facilities, which in most cases are of the IBM 360, Model 50, 
type. Only two technical institutions have plotter facilities of the anaglyph and the analog type. The majority 
of technical institutes has computer facilities of the IBM 1620 type. The Mapping and Charting Establishment 
and the Topographical Survey of Canada, due to their nature as production-type organizations, are well 
equipped with analog stereo plotters on which the training is carried out. 
Since the availability of professional literature constitutes an important asset for photogrammetric 
education, an attempt was made to survey the library holdings of the educational and governmental institutions 
concerned with photogrammetry and the results tabulated. Specific information is shown on the year when the 
periodicals were obtained. All institutions participate in the inter-library loan service and therefore information 
may be of use to the general public. Details about library holdings of periodicals in Canadian libraries are 
given in a report published by the National Research Council National Science Library (29). 
An attempt was made to survey the availability of documented computer programs in photogrammetry 
at educational, governmental and private photogrammetric institutions. The most significant contribution has 
been made by the Photogrammetric Research group of the National Research Council. Programs on analytical 
aerial triangulation, on the adjustment of strips and blocks, have been circulated in NRC research reports. 
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