5 
time-snaring or multi-programming mode. Secondary problem areas include the 
need for all restitution instruments to produce compilation manuscripts which lend 
themselves to efficient editing and accurate conversion into digital formats; and 
the need to revise existing maps through the use of digital displays and digital re 
cording on separation negatives. 
Available to the photogrammetric community at present are general- 
purpose digital graphic scanners; digital graphic displays; and digital graphic 
recorders for processing compilation sheets for photogrammetric instruments. 
Likewise, the registration of plot sheets containing the output from digital geo 
detic control adjustment on digital precision plotters is similarly allied with 
photogrammetric instrumentation. 
FORMULATION OF A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART. 
Generally speaking, assessment of the state-of-the-art and extrapolation 
to the future involves several concrete steps. These include defining the objec 
tives of each Element; determining the alternatives or means of accomplishing 
those objectives; establishing a model or description of the relationships between 
the alternatives (for instance, what they accomplish and what they cost); and 
establishing criteria by which to choose the preferred alternative. Wherever 
possible, the relevant factors referred to above need to be expressed in quanti 
tative terms and coupled with logical analysis. 
The determination of the "state-of-the-art” and the subsequent extrapo 
lation to the future cannot be accomplished by resorting to intuition and under 
standing, alone. Recourse must be made, as well, to those relevant and unbiased 
characteristics which can be used as quantifiable measuring tools to insure 
logical analysis. Examples of such minimal characteristics follow: 
a. Resolution, reliability, flexibility, performance, costs, as well as 
physical characteristics of each item of equipment and of the system as a whole. 
b. Facilities and manpower required to produce necessary information; 
to manufacture; to operate; and to carry out necessary techniques and methods. 
c. Time factors and costs to develop the necessary technology. 
d. Speed (rate) of operation of each item of equipment and of the inte 
grated system. 
e. Unit costs involved in producing products. 
f. Accuracy and precision characteristics of each item of equipment and 
of the integrated system. 
g. Extent and characteristics of automation as well as analytical (numer 
ical) computations utilized at critical points of the integrated system.