75 
‘Table 18. Interior orientation. Terrestrial Metric Camera, TMK. Values in 
millimeters. Radial distortion not included in the adjustment. 
Element 
First series 
Second series 
Mean 
Difference 
*0 
+ 0.023 
+ 0.022 
+ 0.022* 
+ 0.000 
■+0 
0.013 
0.013 
0.009 
0.018 
■>'() 
—0.011 
—0.011 
—0.011 
0.000 
S U0 
0.013 
0.013 
0.009 
0.018 
C 
+ 59.969 
+ 59.878** 
+ 59.924* 
+ 0.091*** 
s c 
0.013 
0.021 
0.012 
0.025 
We want to test the following hypotheses: 
a) *o — 0 
b) yo = 0 
c) c = 59.95. 
These values are given by the manufacturer. The results of the tests are indi 
cated by asterisks in Tables 16 and 18. The asterisks denote the significance 
as defined in the remark to Table 11. The camera constants, that are obtained 
after transformation of the radial distortion curves, Fig. 24, have the same stan 
dard errors as before, and C\ is not significantly different from c — 59.95, but 
c-2 is almost significantly different. The mean of ci and c 2 , 59.935 mm, is not 
significantly different from 59.95 mm. 
An estimation of the principal point and the camera constant can be made 
from the means in Table 18. The principal point is the same as in Table 16. The 
values of the camera constant differ, because the correlation to the radial dis 
tortion curves is too large for an estimation of the distortion. This is because 
of the position of the points in the images. The points must be distributed in 
such a way that, at least four very different radii are represented, one radius 
for each of the parameters c, a s , a 5 and a 7 . This is not the case here. Another camera (TMK 
26110. c = 59.94 mm) has also been calibrated by means of a single picture of the 
basement ’’cage” described in chapter 8.1.1. The interior orientation was de 
fined by the parameters x 0 , y 0 , c, a 3 and a 5 . The standard error of unit weight 
was 3.4 «m with 47 degrees of freedom, while the standard deviation of the 
mean of three repeated settings was 2.0 //m. The radial distortion curve was 
transformed to intersect the r-axis for r = 30 mm and the resulting camera 
constant became 59.916 mm, and its standard error was 0.0115 mm. This is 
not significantly different from c = 59.95 mm. The principal point had the co 
ordinates