duction of the entire world should increase at least at 
the same proportion as the population to avoid that 
the prolbem of undernourishment on a world-wide 
level becomes even worse than now. In fact, such a 
progress in the food production would be neither satis- 
factory nor sufficient. To foster a sounder social and 
political climate throughout the entire world, it is 
indispensable to decrease the number of people suf- 
fering from malnutrition; to achieve this goal, it 
would be necessary to augment the world's food pro- 
duction at least by 3 96 per annum. 
Such an economic development on a world-wide 
level will also have an impact on the future carto- 
graphic exploration, especially if one takes into ac- 
count that only about 15 96 of the land area of the 
world is mapped at scales of 1/100 000 and larger, 
i. e. at scales which are of particular importance for 
the purpose in question. 
The previous discussion leads to the conclusion 
that in most countries and especially in the emerging 
countries, the cartographic exploration must be acce- 
lerated at a rate which is possibly higher than that 
of the population increase to allow a pace of progress 
which is compatible with an efficient economical and 
technical development of the country in question. 
There is no doubt that there exists great ignorance 
about the time period during which the first or any 
subsequent cartographie exploration of a country 
should be completed. But the time has come or will 
come in the near future when this operation will have. 
to be completed in a few years and certainly not in 
a time period of 100 to 150 years as it must be ex- 
pected when the present annual progress is considered 
on a world-wide level. 
Relation between Expenses for the Cartographic 
Exploration and the National Revenue and the Public 
Expenditures 
  
To analyse this problem on a world-wide level, 
it is necessary to determine the national revenue and 
the corresponding values per inhabitant for each 
country as well as for the major regions of the world. 
The values for the latters are listed in the following 
table II. 
This tabulation shows that Central & South 
America, Asia and Africa (following this sequence) 
are the regions of the world with the lowest national 
revenue per inhabitant. Therefore, it will be necessary 
  
  
  
Table II 
National Revenue in U. S. Dollars 
2 Pop National Revenue Per Reference 
Continent or Region Population Area km” 2 x Inhabitant 
/km U. S. dollars U.S.$ Year 
RY 
Africa 311,000,000 30,234,000 10 50,500,000,000 162 1965 
North America, Canada 
& USA 214,000,000 21,515,000 10 626,500,000,000 2928 1965 
Central and South 
America 246,000,000 20,540,000 12 32,600,000,000 132 1965 
Asia, without USSR 1,830,000,000 22,814,000 80 252,000,000,000 138 1965 
Europe, without USSR 445,000,000 4,927,000 90 488,000,000,000 1096 1965 
Oceania 18,000,000 8,532,000 2 24,600,000,000 1406 1965 
USSR 231,000,000 22,402,000 10 221,000,000,000 956 1965 
: x ; 25 515 
Total or Average 3,295,000,000 130,964,000 1,695,200,000,000 1965 
Av. Average 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
to concentrate special efforts in these regions with 
regard to the exploration and exploitation of existing 
natural resources, this being the most efficient method 
of increasing rapidly the national revenue of these 
countries. This requires first an extensive cartographic 
exploration and it is indispensable that bilateral or 
multilateral technical assistance be substantially in- 
creased in these regions as far as cartographic oper- 
ations are concerned. 
The yearly expenditure of a country for the car- 
tographic exploration must be to a certain extent pro- 
portionate to the yearly public expenditures. To study 
this problem, it is necessary to know the amount of 
public expenditure in various countries as well as the 
average values for the major regions of the world. 
The last values are indicated in Table III. 
According to the figures of this table (Reference 
Year 1965), Africa, Central & South America and 
Asia (following this sequence) are the regions where 
the yearly public expenditures per inhabitant are the 
lowest. It is obvious that the public expenditures in 
these regions should be increased in view of attaining 
in the near future a faster economic and technical 
development. This requires an adequate increase of 
the national revenue by means of an emergency pro- 
gram of exploitation of the existing natural resources 
which in turn necessitates an accelerated cartographic 
exploration. Consequently, the technical and econo- 
mic assistance must be concentrated on these parti- 
cular regions which implies as a first step more ade- 
quate appropriations for the extension of the carto- 
graphic exploration.