dwa 
dby = 
  
BB 
TT 9 
Py m Ps 
P zo 
2b? 
2b 
e vd 
3z ya 
dwa 
A025 2p 
0 2b s 
l b 
BOR) e n. 
the second operation only at the points 5 and 6. In this method only the constraint between points 5 
and 6 is compensated. The following equations are applicable: 
   
    
    
   
  
   
    
  
     
  
  
  
These are the most important facts for relative orientation. The data for the numerical procedure 
were included for the sake of completeness. The author gives preference to the empirical method. 
8. Absolute orientation 
For absolute orientation also the techniques usually employed with conventional equipment may be 
used. Table 3 lists such a procedure as Method 1 (usual method), where Abx = bxnom.—bxact.; 
As = Snom. —Sact. ; for the meaning of the other symbols, see Fig. 10. 
If it is desired to work even more empirically and above all to be as independent of orientation 
readings as possible, Method 2 may be used. 
Finally, for rigorous numerical computations the formulas given under Method 3 may be employed. 
  
  
um 
rümmungs- " 
einfluB À h = 10000m 
ZM= 250 mm 
dz), 
[9] 
160 + 
140 — he 5000m 
zM* 250mm 
120 
1007 h= 5000 m 
zm= 500mm 
$01 h= 3000 m 
zM* 300mm 
eo h= 2000 m 
zM* 200mm 
40 + M 
20 
T T T T T TI T > 
300 200 100 0 100 200 300 [mm] 
Fig. 12 Correction values for earth curvature in the model plane 
(ErdkrümmungseinfluB = Effect of earth curvature) 
YM