4. Since compilation of the manuscript has been the most 
time consuming operation in photogrammetry, it is generally 
considered to be the most profitable for automation. It is 
also one of the most intriguing, since this operation demands 
that automation make a multitude of decisions for each photo- 
graphic pair concerning the intersection of homologous rays 
both during orientation procedures and during contouring or 
profiling, hopefully, regardless of type of terrain, quality 
of photography, or kind of ground features. 
5. Contours, which are only a part of the complete 
manuscript, are produced automatically either in conventional 
form on a coordinatograph or in a line drop output. The latter 
is produced while profiling a stereomodel and can take the form 
either of oriented line segments, which represent a contour 
level, or lines of different densities exposed between contour 
levels. An example of the latter type is shown in Figure 1. | 
Final contour manuscript must then be constructed manually © | & 
by connecting the line segments or drawing the average boundaries | 
between bands of different densities. 
6. At the present state of automation in photogrammetry, 
the orthophoto is the substitute for the planimetric portion 
of the manuscript. This term, which is used to define a 
photograph having all of its features located in correct posi- 
tion or orthographically, is now commonly accepted. The ortho- 
photomap, which is an assemblage of orthophotos into a stan- 
dard map sheet format with certain important terrain features 
intensified for easier identification and with names added, 
is gaining acceptance among users and is considered superior 
to the standard topographic map for many purposes. If this 
is generally accepted, Automation in Photogrammetry will be 
responsible for changing, at least partially, the end product 
from a topographic map to an orthophotomap. It is not beyond 
the realm of possibility that through automation, specifically 
automating image extraction from photographs, that line maps 
will eventually be compiled as a direct output of automatic i © 
compilation. There are some interesting developments being 
conducted along this line which are still many years in the 
future and are not within the scope of this paper. At the 
present time, the orthophotomap is an intermediate product 
when a line map is desired as the end result, and the opera- 
tion required to extract mapping detail into line map form is 
considered as a cartographic procedure and a candidate for 
cartographic automation. 
7. Why Automation? As in every other field of endeavor, 
automation is attractive because of overall economic considera- | 
tions. The performance by machines of operations quicker, with | 
less manpower and at a lower cost, is the basic consideration 
which determines whether automation will be adopted. Automation 
usually has greater reliability because of less dependence on