NATIONAL REPORT OF AUSTRIA 
by 
K. Neumaier. 
Since the last congress, photogrammetry has had an ever more and more 
expanding development in Austria. Besides a large amount of terrestrial photo- 
grammetric surveys, aerial surveys have been carried out in the period of the 
report in ever increasing amounts and aerial photogrammetry was applied to 
topographical as well as to cadastral and reallocational surveys. 
These increased activities were made possible by newly acquired up to date 
equipment consisting of 2 Zeiss-Stereoplanigraphs C/5, 1 Wild Autograph A5, 
1 Wild Autograph A6, Wild cameras RC5, and Wild RC7 plate camera for 
high precision work. Terrestrial photogrammetry is still applied, especially to 
complement aerial photogrammetry where sections of the pictures are difficult 
to delinaete e.g. shadows of slopes in high mountainous alpine areas, which are 
very common in Austria. All in all about 2.800 km 2 , photographed from 640 
stations, were surveyed by terrestrial photogrammetry since 1948. On a small 
scale terrestrial photogrammetry was applied for hydroelectric power planning, 
volume determination surveys and many other technical and construction 
purposes. 
Aerial photogrammetry was only applied in Austria since 1950 and up till 
now more than 3.200 km 2 have been photographed and compiled in maps 
1 : 10.000 as the base for the topographic map work 1 : 25.000. To establish the 
necessary minor control aerial triangulation has been used with very satis 
factory results, both from an economical point of view as well as from the 
considerations of accuracy. This in spite of most unfavourable terrain with 
average elevation differences of 800—1.000 m in single models. 
From 290 models 640 minor control points were determined by this pro 
cess using a Zeiss-Stereoplanigraph C/5. For adjustment a graphical method 
was applied. Recently the graphic orientation method of Prof. Krames was 
applied for our triangulation work resulting in cutting orientation time and in 
a propagation of errors more satisfactory for adjustment. 
Extensive test surveys for high precision mapping e.g. cadastral surveys 
have been carried out to determine the most economical photo scale, which 
still gives a satisfactory accuracy. The test programme was extended to areas 
with different topography. The conclusion reached was that by the use of a 
Wild RC7 plate camera a phototaking scale 1 : 7.000 corresponding to a flight 
height above ground of 1.200 m = 3.900 ft was sufficient. Restitution was 
made with a Wild Autograph A5 complemented with special compensating 
plateholders to compensate for residual distortion. It may be here emphasized 
that no special signals were laid out, but the existing boundary markers in the 
field e.g. stones with top surface 10—12 cm/square were just chalked white. 
The results obtained were more than satisfactory and this process will be 
adopted as a standard method for precision cadastral surveys in areas suitable 
for that kind of work. Extract of our results can be studied at the Austrian 
exhibition stand.