———, “The Future of Aeroplane Photogra- 
phy," Flying, Vol. 5, No. 107, Feb. 5, 1919. 
Brock, N. H., "Brock Development of Aerial 
Mapping," Military Engineering, Vol. 17, 
No. 96, Nov.-Dec. 1925. 
Holst, L. J. R., “Equipment Used for Aerial 
Surveying,” Mech. Enging., Vol. 47, No. 
303, March 1925. 
, “Topography from the Air," Journal 
of Franklin Institute, Phila., Oct. 1928 
Kelley, J. C., “Cheap, Fast Ground Control,” 
Engineering News-Record, April 13, 1950. 
Jensen, Homer, ‘“Aeromagnetic Survey Helps 
Find New Pennsylvania Iron Ore Body,” En- 
gineering and Mining Journal, August, 1951. 
Ganser, B., and Schuch, Edward A., “Fuel 
Stockpiles Inventoried by Air at Saving of 
25% Electrical World, Dec. 18, 1950. 
  
38 HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE UNITED STATES 
Hodell, Charles M., “How Aerial Surveys Func- 
tion,” American City, August, 1950. 
Kauffman, Virgil, “Photogrammetric Methods 
Cut Time and Costs of City Surveys,” Civil 
Engineering, December, 1948. 
Modern Plastic Scientific Award to Aero Serv- 
ice Corp., Modern Plastics Magazine, Sept., 
1948. 
Dudley, R. L., “Flying Magnetometer Com- 
pleting 80,000 Square Mile Survey,” World 
Oil, Nov., 1947. 
Williams, Fran J., “Aerial Surveys Speed Turn- 
pike Location,” Engineering News-Record, 
July 8, 1948. 
Hurley, P. M., “Airborne Magnetic Survey in 
Maine Speeds Search for Mineral Deposits,” 
Eng. and Mining Journal, August, 1949. 
FAIRCHILD 
In 1917 Sherman M. Fairchild built the 
first camera in America specifically de- 
signed for photography from the air. The 
between-lens shutter, sturdy construction, 
and film transport mechanism made pos- 
sible for the first time aerial photographs 
free from the distortion caused by cameras 
with focal plane shutters. 
In 1920 Sherman Fairchild organized 
the Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation. 
By 1922 he established a subsidiary com- 
pany—Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Inc.—to 
pioneer in photographic aerial survey and 
mapping techniques. Among the early 
successes were the mapping of the city of 
Newark, N. J., and 12,000 square miles of 
Canadian forest. Probably the most sig- 
nificant contribution to photogrammetry 
in this period was the mapping of New 
York City. In photographing the five 
boroughs consisting of 625 square miles, 
2,000 exposures were made before two 
maps were delivered in 1924. 
Because airplanes of that time were 
unsuitable for good aerial photography, 
Fairchild in 1925 designed and built the 
first enclosed cockpit aircraft in the 
United States. The FC-1 monoplane and 
later models were used for many years for 
aerial mapping. 
By 1927 the need for precision aerial 
cameras which would cover a larger area 
resulted in the Fairchild 4-lens camera. the 
first in a series of multi-lens units built in 
the period 1927-33. A nine-lens camera is 
still in use by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic 
Survey; and before the trend had run its 
course, Fairchild had built a ten-lens 
tandem arrangement of the five-lens 
camera. This camera, the T-3A, was de- 
signed primarily for military use but was 
soon widely adopted for civil mapping 
projects at scales between 1:10,000 and 
1:62,500. It is regarded as the first precise 
Fairchild mapping camera. 
Also during this period the Stereocom- 
paragraph of Capt. B. B. Talley was 
developed to meet the need for a simple 
stereoscopic plotting device. About this 
time Fairchild added binoculars to the 
simple stereoscope so that this instrument 
was more useful for analysis of detail in 
aerial photographs. 
Fairchild Aerial Surveys made three 
other important contributions during this 
period. Foremost among these was the 
perfection of the slotted templet method 
of radial line plotting. Another was the 
Pilot Director—an instrument designed 
to aid pilots on photographic missions in 
flying a reliably straight and parallel line 
over rugged terrain. 
In 1938 Fairchild built a Photogram- 
metric Camera to meet the then demand 
for a high precision mapping camera. 
Called the “F-51”, it was the first in a 
series of aerial cameras built to photo- 
grammetrists’ exacting specifications. This 
marked a departure from the use of multi- 
lens cameras and the beginning of a series 
of wide-angle mapping cameras. 
From 1940 through 1945 developments 
in photogrammetry were devoted ex- 
clusively to military applications. During 
this period the '"Trimetrogon' system of 
mapping large areas utilized the Fairchild 
   
    
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
   
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
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