42 HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE UNITED STATES 
Camera Transit 
Designed for terrestrial photogram- 
metry, this instrument is a special plate 
camera combined with a Type 5078-E 
Keuffel and Esser surveyor's transit. The 
camera is mounted on the compass box 
between the standards in the position 
normally occupied by the telescope. The 
telescope is mounted on top of the camera 
and its optical axis is parallel with, the 
optical axis of the camera. In the focal 
plane of the camera are fiducial marks to 
locate the principal point of the photo- 
graph within the specified accuracy. A 
level bubble is photographed on each 
negative along with a counter number, 
station number, and focal length. 
F-51 Photogrammeiric Camera 
The camera consists of a lens cone and 
integral roll film magazine which is not 
interchangeable with other magazines. 
The complete camera driving mechanism 
for winding and tripping the shutter and 
advancing fresh film is contained in the 
magazine itself. The camera was designed 
for fully-automatic or simple hand opera- 
tion. This was the first Fairchild camera 
specifically designed for precision map- 
ping. 
T-5 Aerial Camera 
This is a precision instrument designed 
for taking vertical aerial photographs for 
precise stereoscopic topographic mapping 
by photogrammetric methods. A rigid fixed 
relationship is maintained between the 
lens and focal plane frame, and it is 
equipped with a specially selected metro- 
gon lens. Fiducial marks located in the 
focal plane frame indicate the location of 
the principal point within a very small 
tolerance. In addition, the camera has as 
internal parts a viewfinder, exposure 
meter, and intervalometer; and has pro- 
vision for recording a clock, altimeter, 
counter, level bubble, and data card on 
the negative between frames at the instant 
of exposure. The camera may be connected 
to an external intervalometer if desired, or 
it may be hand operated. It accommodates 
interchangeable roll film magazines which 
may be loaded with 200 feet of 91” film, 
or enough for 225 exposures. The negative 
is held flat against a cross-grooved focal 
plane during exposure by a vacuum. 
Cartographic Camera 
The Fairchild Cartographic Camera is 
an automatic camera designed for use in 
making series of aerial photographs for 
mapping and charting purposes. The 
camera is furnished complete with Type- 
230 Roll Film Magazine which produces 
9X9 inch negatives. Three models are 
available: The F-223 has a f:6.3 lens of 
1 inch focal length; the F-224 has a f:6.3 
lens of 6 inch focal length; and the F-225 
has a f:6.8 lens of 8} inch focal length. 
The lenses are equipped with filters. 
Shutter speeds on Models F-223 & F-224 
are 1/100, 1/200, 1/300; while the F-225 
is 1/50, 1/100, 1/200. The Cartographic 
Camera requires certain accessories for 
convenience and efficiency of operation. 
These include a Model F-231 Vertical 
Camera Mount, a Model F-228 Inter- 
valometer, and a Model F-229 Vertical 
Viewfinder. 
T-11 Aircraft Mapping Camera 
This camera was developed for making 
9X9 inch precise vertical aerial photo- 
graphs for topographic maps with perti- 
nent data recorded on each exposure. The 
camera consists of a camera body and a 
magazine. The magazine is interchange- 
able with any T-11 camera body. It has a 
390 foot capacity and the supply side is 
separated from the take-up side by a light- 
tight compartment for daylight film load- 
ing. The vacuum plate is rigidly designed 
for stability and maintenance of the closely 
machined flatness tolerance. The ports on 
the film surface of the vacuum plate have 
been designed to take advantage of all 
available vacuum for good film flatness 
in the focal plane. The inner cone is of 
one-piece construction—possible because 
of the Rapidyne shutter. The top surface 
of the cone is in the same plane with the 
fiducial markers and calibrated focal length 
markers. The data recording fiducial and 
calibrated focal length markers are illu- 
minated by artificial light. Data recorded 
on each exposure: Altimeter, data card, 
time, exposure counter, camera serial 
number, calibrated focal length, lens serial 
number, fiducial markers, calibrated focal 
length markers and direction of film move- 
ment. The shutter is between-lens Rapi- 
dyne type. It has a speed range never be- 
fore obtained in this type of camera. The 
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