Full text: Proceedings of the Congress (Part 1)

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group consisting of 10 points and representing a parallax difference of 1 milli 
meter. Thus each point step means a parallax difference of 1/10 of a millimeter, 
and the whole point system, consisting of 20 point groups, allows measuring 
parallax differences amounting to 20 millimeters. 
There are two obvious advantages of this arrangement of the points: 
1. All points required for the parallax measurements are concentrated within 
a small area, which means that the glass plate, holding the points, can be 
attached to the stereoscope at the beginning of the work and need not then be 
removed. (Only small adjustments of vertical parallaxes may be required). The 
reading of the horizontal parallax, which is very simple, can be done immedi 
ately after the adjusting of the stereoscope to the pictures. 
2. A plate 30 cm of length and 5 cm of width is wide enough to hold the point 
systems required for practically all types of stereoscopes. The plate contains 
three pairs of point systems making it usable for: 
a) Pocket stereoscopes 
b) Stereoscopes with a stereoscope base of 25 cm (for instance Wild, Zeiss, 
Nife). 
c) Stereoscopes with a stereoscope base of 21 cm (for instance Zeiss Stereo 
top, the »d’Oude Delft» Stereoscope). 
Most pocket stereoscopes will fit the plate without special arrangements. The 
shape of the plate makes it specially adapted to the Zeiss pocket stereoscope. 
The measuring points are circle-shaped and very small. (Diameter 0.3 mm). 
This facilitates the adjustment of the dots in the spatial model, as very small 
spots of the terrain are covered and obscured by the dots. 
The accuracy with which the elevation of a terrain detail can be estimated, 
using the closest spatial points of the plate for comparison, has been investigated 
by measuring about 60 distinct details in a stereo model, first with the plate 
and then with a stereometer. The mean square value of the discrepancies of 
this comparison amounted to 2—3 hundredths of a millimeter. 
About 50 trees (pines) of known heights have been measured with: 
a) Plate -f- mirror stereoscope 
b) Plate -f- pocket stereoscope 
c) Stereometer -f- mirror stereoscope. 
The result did not point out one of the methods to be superior to the others. 
Beyond its use for parallax measurements the plate can be used for estima 
tions of areas and for determination of the size of details on airphotos, (for 
instance the crown width of a tree). 
Hilfsmittel für Parallaxenmessungen 
Das Hilfsmittel für Parallaxenmessungen, das hier beschrieben ist, ist prinzipiell ein Parallaxen 
keil, in welchem die zwei nicht parallellen Linien mit Punktreihen ersetzt worden sind. Ausserdem 
sind die Punktreihen nicht gerade Linien, sondern bilden vier Reihen von U-förmigen Punkt 
gruppen. Jede Punktgruppe enthält 10 Punkte mit einer totalen Parallaxendifferenz von 1 mm. 
Jeder Punktschritt umfasst also eine Parallaxendifferenz von 1/10 mm, und das ganze Punkt 
system, das von 20 gruppen besteht, kann für Parallaxendifferenzen von 2 cm verwendet werden. 
Die Vorteile dieser Anordnung der Punkte sind: 
1. Alle Punkte sind innerhalb eines begrenzten Raumes konzentriert, was bedeutet, dass die 
Glasplatte, auf der die Punkte graviert sind, während des Messens zum Stereoskop orientiert werden 
kann. Dadurch kann die Messung sehr schnell ausgeführt werden. 
2. Eine Platte im Format 30 X 5 cm ist genügend gross, um für alle gewöhnliche Stereoskope 
erforderliche Punktsysteme zu enthalten: a) Linsenstereoskope, b) Spiegelstereoskope mit einer 
Basis von 25 cm, (z. B. Wild, Zeiss, Nife). c) Stereoskope mit einer Basis von 21 cm, (z. B. Zeiss 
Stereotop, das »d’Oude Delft» — Stereoskop). 
Die meisten Linsenstereoskope können ohne spezielle Anordnungen an die Platte befestigt werden. 
Am besten passt die Platte zum Linsenstereoskop von Zeiss.
	        
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