Commission IV Continued 
Survey Integration 
The recording of special purpose products is essentially the responsibility of the 
State in question and the intensity of the development has clearly portrayed the weak- 
nesses of certain recording systems. Some States living in a fully controlled cadastral 
mapping environment have faced the increasing activity with no legislated machinery for 
the recording of special purpose topographic surveys and mapping completed outside of 
government authorities. Others are more fortunate but their legislation is now subject to 
amendment in the light of metrication, the formalities of which and subsequent introduct- 
ion to Australia, being expected to begin this year. 
Whether the amendment is made by a modification of existing legislation or whether 
by the development of a new total system, all Australian States are pursuing the modern 
concept of “Integrated Surveys'* as a cure for the ills of present legislation and recording 
problems. 
Photogrammetric, Cartographic and Survey Data Banks are under active research and 
trial. One State has progressed to the stage of completing a controlled experiment on a 
Land Data Bank embracing approximately 1% of the existing legal cadastre under its 
authority, with the intent that such a facility provides the machinery for the automatic re- 
plotting of cadastral maps at scales compatible with metrication and forms the basic stor- 
age, distribution and correlating machinery of the social and earth sciences of the State. 
The majority of States have chosen the Australian Map Grid as the framework upon 
which to structure integration but at least one State has developed its own State survey 
grid as amore suitable framework for co-ordination. Whatever the basic systems philosophy 
adopted, the development of *‘Integrated Surveys’ implies the mathematical co-ordination 
of data besides the orderly control of survey actions. 
As co-ordinated systems complement photogrammetry it is a natural assumption that 
the inroads made by photogrammetry into cadastral and engineering survey practices will 
be further advanced by any such action. In addition, land resources surveys, for so long 
the subject of graphical treatment are expected to find a new meaning in the scientific 
analysis and digital recording of data from aeria! photographs. To further complement any 
such actions, orthophoto systems have been incorporated or planned for four (4) of the 
States apart from the Commonwealth held systems. Within the States, orthophotomap 
publications range in scale from 1:2 500 to 1:25 000 and in the majority of cases they are 
servicing a general purpose requirement in that they are published in standard map sheet 
formats. There exists a certain degree of conjecture as to the advantages of the drop line 
contour facilities as distinct from the overlay of contours derived by separate plotting and 
this is more in evidence as the scale of the orthophoto increases. 
The Aerial Photograph 
Whilst exact figures are not readily available it is estimated that prints made from 
aerial negatives in Australia during the past 4 years, total in excess of 2 500 000 and is a 
clear indication that the aerial photograph, apart from servicing the requirements of 
general purpose and special purpose topographic mapping is fulfilling a wider range of 
earth science applications. 
Although the majority of printing has been from panchromatic films, infra-red, colour 
and false colour printing has been subject to a marked increase. In one State coloured 
mosaics have been produced of two separate National Parks totalling 4 700 square miles 
and while both are subject to the problems normally associated with semi -controlled 
mosaics they give clear indications that the Australian Geographic and meteorological en- 
vironment is particularly suited to the application of colour. Ecological Scientists, so 
familiar with the advantages of the panchromatic emulsions have been quick to take ad- 
vantage of this fact. 
D.l. Glendinning 
e