figures: On a world-wide basis we spend presently (1971) nearly u.s. $ 
2 billion per year for surveying and mapping (this includes geodetic, 
photogrammetric, land, construction, mining and hydrographic surveying, 
and cartographic work). This amount represents about U.S.$ 0.50 per 
capita, and about U.S.$ 15 per km? land. The equivalent full-time 
surveying and mapping personnel involved is in the neighbourhood of 
1 million people which means that onc person out of 3,500 is involved 
in surveying and mapping. The respective figures for photogrammetric 
Surveying and mapping are: Annual expenditures: approximately U.S.$ 
400 million or U.S.$ 0.10 per capita or about U.S.$ 3 per km? land; 
Manpower:  appreximately 150,000 people or one person out of 28,000, - 
In these figures the surveying and mapping and photogrammetric person- 
enl respectively of the combattant armod forces are not included. 
In comparing tho figures for various countries ono has to take 
into consideration the considerable differences in the GNP per capita, 
In general it can be concluded that thc annual expenditures for sur- 
veying and mapping including photogrammetric surveying and mapping per 
km? increase more or less proportionally with the average population 
density. As far as the Surveying and mapping manpower density (inclus 
ding photogrammetric surv:ying and mappina) is concerned there are con- 
siderable variations among various countries. There are various rea- 
sons for these variations, such as the Surveying and mapping nistory