research efforts are currently underway in a number of photogrammetric centers throughout the 
world to explore the photogrammetric potentials of these and less elaborate non-metric cameras. 
It is expected that opening the door for the use of non- metric cameras in photogrammetry would 
substantially increase the general acceptance of this technique as a vehicle for data acquisition 
in many fields and enable many potential users in numerous disciplines to make full use of the 
economical and technical advantages of photogrammetry. 
In an effort to meet, at least partly, the wide variety of requirements in close-range 
photogrammetry, some of the photogrammetric camera manufacturers have introduced new 
versatile cameras, while others are in the process of doing so. In their invited paper, W. S. Ferri 
and G. Gelli discuss the mechanical and optical problems encountered in the design and construc- 
tion of close-range photogrammetric plate cameras. 
In addition to the five above mentioned invited papers which deal primarily with the 
calibration of close-range photogrammetric systems in one form or another, we are extremely 
pleased to have the invited contribution of P. Borchers on distinguishing the deformations of 
architectural and photogrammetric geometry. The isolation of photogrammetric deformations is 
important in detecting small movements in large structures during a time interval, particularly 
in cases of wide angle photography, short bases between camera stations, and highly convergent 
photography. 
It is evident that close-range photogrammetry has experienced considerable growth 
during the past few years, and has shown potential for even greater growth in the future. This 
future expansion, however, is critically dependent on two main factors : 
a) availability of appropriate camera systems (metric as well as non- metric) and appropriate 
methodologies for data reduction. 
b) reaching and effectively communicating with the large number of potential users of photogram- 
metry, many of whom may have not heard of this technique as yet. 
In conclusion, I wish to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to all members of this 
Working Group for their interest, contributions, and enthusiastic cooperation : Messers P. E. 
Borchers (USA), D. Brown (USA), O. Jacobi (Denmark), D. Wólpert (Fed. Rep. of Germany), 
W. Ferri (Italy), K. Linkwitz (Fed. Rep. of Germany), K. Torlegard (Sweden), and J. Zaitov 
(USSR). 
I am particularly grateful to Mr. M. Carbonnell, President of Commission V, ISP, for 
his continued support and excellent cooperation, as well as for sponsoring the printing of this 
fascicle. 
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