Zeiler (1953) used a Wild stereocamera (40 cm base) to obtain 
three-dimensional cyclograms of manual movements in different work 
situations. Small incandescent lamps were attached. to the subject's 
hands, head and shoulders and visibility of the light traces was enhanced 
by conducting the experiments in a "feebly darkened room." More 
recently, stereophotogrammetric studies of body motion in such areas as 
gait analysis, sports and industrial activities have been conducted by 
Nakamura and Tamura (1966), Preston (1967), Moffitt (1967), 
McDonald (1968), Ayoub (1969), Ayoub and Ayoub (1970), Ayoub, 
Ayoub and Ramsey (1970), Bullock (1969), Bullock and Lanchester 
(1969), Fredricson, Andersson, Dandanell, Moen and Andersson (1970) 
and Smidt (1970), but the most sustained work in the stereometric 
analysis of human body kinematics has been carried out by Gutewort 
(1968a, 1968b, 1969 and 1971) and by Gutewort and co-workers 
(Gutewort and Tôpfer 1968). Ingels and co-workers (Ingels, Rush and 
Thompson 1967 and 1969; Ingels 1971; Daughters and Ingels 1971; and 
Ingels et al 1971) have successfully used stereophotogrammetry to study 
the dynamic geometry of canine hearts and Kunov (1971) has 
photogrammetrically analyzed the contractional patterns of the urinary 
bladder (in vitro) in dogs. Aldman (1962) studied automobile impact 
protection using a stereophotogrammetric system described by Aldman 
and Sigmark (1960). 
Studies of growth changes by means of stereophotogrammetry have 
been confined largely to the area of dentistry which is dealt with 
elsewhere in the review. Exceptions include a study by Hou, Veress and 
Prothero (1970) who followed mouse growth during the first month 
of life by compiling six contour maps and computing surface area and 
volume changes and Kratky's (1971) interesting two-media 
photogrammetric study of growth in living jelly fish colonies. 
Four-dimensional stereometric analysis has also been used by Herron, 
Peterson and Healey (1970) to determine the volume changes of 
lymphedematous arms in post-mastectomy cancer patients; by 
Hjelmstróm (1953) to measure volume variations of the liver in animals; 
by Hagberg, Hjelmstróm and Adams-Ray (1954) to record the effects of 
anesthesia on respiratory movements and by Liebelt and Herron (1971) 
and Liebelt, Mulkey, Herron, Cuzzi and Kaufman (1971) to study breast 
volume changes during the menstrual cycle. In an entirely different 
area-—the study of biologically-induced erosion of intertidal zones, J. 
W. Evans (1971), a marine-biologist at Memorial University of 
Newfoundiand,has been using stereophotogrammetry to monitor yearly 
o 
changes in the microtopography of beach rock. 
5. OTHER FORMS OF STEREOMETRIC IMAGERY 
5.1 X-Rays 
Mackenzie-Davidson first suggested the use of stereoscopy for 
x-rays in 1898 (Judge 1950) and the medical potential of x-ray