COMMISSION VII 
PHOTOINTERPRETATION 
1. Aldred, A.H. 
Canada 
ALTERNATIVES TO ERTS AND OTHER LARGE RESOURCE 
SATELLITE PROGRAMS 
The Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) and other major resource satellite programs capable of 
providing remote sensing data are being developed primarily at the expense of a few highly developed nations. 
Initially the data forthcoming from such programs will be available for far less than the actual cost. However, 
agencies and individuals using the data on an operational or long-term basis, cannot expect these privileges 
to continue indefinitely. They must eventaully bear a larger share of the cost. Hence the cost of the data may 
become such that it is important to critically review alternative sources of remote sensing data such as the use 
of sounding rockets, balloons, weather satellites, and airborne sensing and photography. Also, there may be 
economies in using certain combinations of the data sources. 
Some potentially useful means of acquiring and combining sources of data are reviewed. Users should consider 
alternatives in co-operative and independent remote sensing programs. The present Canadian participation in 
ERTS illustrates a co-operative approach; some other alternatives show how relatively inexpensive programs 
can be developed independently. The main factors involved in planning such programs are reviewed in the 
context of data needs, accuracy requirements and budgetary and other constraints. 
2. Ban, I. 
Hungary 
PLANT PROTECTION INTERPRETATION OF THE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 
TAKEN FROM HELICOPTERS 
With full knowledge of the facts, based on international results and on our surveys reported on the VIIth 
Committee of the ISP Symposium, we have started the Hungarian plant protection interpretation. 
Under our conditions, our experience shows that the aerial photography under 400 m level is suitable and in 
contradiction with the fixed wing aircraft, photographs taken from a helicopter are preferable. We have taken 
aerial photos with a Linhof hand-held camera for aerial photography purposes on Kodak Ektachrome-X and 
on Kodak Ektachrome MS films. Infra-sensing was added to the traditional mapping. The infra-sensing had 
been carried out with AGA Thermovision System built in the K-26 type helicopter. The emerging vibration 
absorbing problem was successfully resolved. Our image distortion examinations were successful. 
The problem of the plant protection practice was whether we can clear up the fungus, virosis and other diseases 
of the growing crops, making use of the aerial photography in Hungary. The aerial photos we took from 
experimental areas were examined by classical methods, transilluminated desk, stereoscope, interpretoscope, 
and we also made densiometric measurements. For the estimation of the serrated masses of the densitograms 
we elaborated new mathematical operations. The given results of the aerial photographic interpretation 
compared with the land survey proved that under local circumstances the photographing on Kodak 
Ektachrome MS films, the Thermovisionic infrasensing and sampling survey of the land, i.e. the common 
application of them make it possible to detect and estimate many plant diseases. 
3. Beyer, M.; Tham, P. and Tham, G. 
Sweden 
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS INTEGRATING PART OF MINERAL EXPLORATION 
COSTS IN TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PLANNING - A DISCUSSION 
At the UNESCO Conference in Toulouse in 1964, held in connection with the X International Congress for 
Photogrammetry, the basic subject was the integrating part of photogrammetry in developing activities. 
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