imagi 
Side-looking Radar theti 
2 m) 
Instrument status surfa 
Radar surveys are available from organizations in several countries 
including European nations, the U.S.S.R. 
; and the United States. Space 
Commercial surveys can be obtained from two United States-based firms: p ra 
1) the Aero Service Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which ger P 
operates the Goodyear GEMS 1000 internationally in conjunction with C ca 
local affiliates. Their System is a modified AN/APS-102, X-band (3 cm) fes e 
synthetic aperture, which produces a ground swath image of 37 km with te 
nominal resolution of 10 m; and 2) Motorola Aerial Remote Sensing, Inc. 
(MARS), Phoenix, Arizona. Their system is X-band, with near realtime 
capability, 25 km swath from both sides of the aircraft, and nominal carth 
resolution of about 30 m. The MARS radar is a modification of an Radar 
AN/APS-94D which has been used by several United States agencies and the agenc 
Canadian government for radar mapping of terrain and ice conditions. In ie 
a quasi operational sense, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCC) is using a similar (0.86 
radar as part of its Airborne Oil Surveillance System (AOSS) to map oil Dutch 
Spills, and the U.S, Navy utilizes an X-band synthetic aperture radar Surve 
System for this same Purpose operating in a 45? forward squint li 
confi i i publi 
guration (Anderson and Kotlarski, 1974). geolo 
; ; ; ; : 1975) 
Side-looking radar systems for geoscience research in the United image 
States are operated by several NASA centers, the University of Kansas, ; g 
the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM), the Jet Platf 
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, and the —— 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Some of these imagers are described below: 
tiui : nd diffe 
A low-cost, lightweight, side-looking imager was built 
: ; : most 
at the University of Kansas Center for Research using a aid i 
Marconi Marine Radiolocator 12/16 as the transceiver. The ; 
S : : gatio 
ystem has an azimuth resolution of 8 m/km and a range come 
resolution of 12 m and images up to a 30 km swath (Eichel B : 
Unite 
and others, 1975). 
t 
ERIM has constructed and is operating a calibrated inter 
synthetic aperture radar system which simultaneously records 
two polarizations in the X- (3 cm) and L- (25 cm) bands of a 
t 
6.1 km swath (Rawson and others, 1975). Nominal resolution past 
is about 3 m. 300 m 
Multi 
JPL has an experimental radar which is currently Holog 
configured to secure X- and L-band imagery. It is a syn- field 
thetic aperture system with dual polarization capacity inter 
and images from nadir with an effective swath of about Lands 
10 km. both 
A A AE AMER