"mu.
Ine rates, direction, location, and causes of crustal move-
ment have been a puzzle in geology. A major difficulty in
understanding erustal movements has been the inability to make
precise measurements over large distances and to be able to
repeat these measurements at intervals of a few years. A pas-
sive satellite called LAGEOS was launched on May 4, 1976, that
will permit intercontinental measurements within the required
limits of precision.
The first part of the W G Report gives a general overview of
the Remote Sensing field. It has here been summarized. The se-
cond part of the Report deals with developments in the infrared,
microwave, and luminescence fields, both satellite and airborne.
Since the list of references is still not available (June 30),
these topics will be fully discussed at the Helsinki Congress.
Some European activities are here reviewed.
Extensive flight trials with infrared linescan and radiometer
were carried out by the UK and followed up with operations in
other! countries, among others in Australia. .In+addition.to the
above sensors multispectral photography was combined on many
of the operations. Further, low light television systems have
been tested. An earth resources sounding rocket, Skylark, has
been developed by a Space Group in the UK (754, "The poss ibili-
ties of utiliz zing line scanning records and panoramie photos
for stereo vision has been studied by Jerie (39). The water of
seven lakes in Italy has been investigated by means of an ex-
tons siveydata acquisition -from«satellite, airerafît and ground
(50).
A Swed 1ish-Frenchiprojectson MSS started in 1975, when the data
acquisition was carried through for 23 areas. Vegetation, agri-
culture, forestry, water and environmental problems are to be
tudied by means of a Daedalus multispectral scanner together
with panchro, infra and C-I photography (64). The Daedalus ana-
log acquisition material has now been transferred into digital
form for the preceeding evaluation of data.
At the request of the European Space Agency, the French IGN
has carried out a study of sensors for earth survey missions in-
tended for the forthcoming Space Shuttle in 1980. Photogrammet-
ric cameras of the 23 x 23 em format with IMC.and a fooal length
of 610 mm are recommended, in order to enable mapping at a scale
of 1:50 000, 1 which is considered as an essential demand, if the
satellite imagery shall be useful for cartographic purposes (23).
vigation and Flight Systems
High altitude photography from 30 000 ft and higher is more and
more: carried. out, often for ortho. photo.mapping.-Lear Jet air-
craft are commonly used for this purpose. In the USSR, scienti-
fic work has been executed on the design of a spacial survey air-
craft, &n-30, for topographic mapping and also for special pur-
pose aerial Survey (54 On the pacis of the An-30, several fly-
ing laboratories have been designe one of them intended for the
Institute of Space Exploration, pea Academy of Sciences. In Ca-
nada, the mounting of cameras in aircraft and the effects of vi-
brations have been studied by Carman (10).
