HE DEVELOPMENT 
TA PROCESSING 
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR T 
OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DA 
Z. Jaksic 
Photogrammetric Research, Division of Physics 
National Research Council of Canada 
SUMMARY 
The analytical instruments are the most prominent representa- 
tives of technological advances in photogrammetric information proces- 
sing. Their construction principles based on the incorporation of a 
dedicated computer into the feedback loop of the positioning servo- 
mechanisms and the consequent freedom for the most general mathematical 
modeling are the main factors contributing to the unprecedented univer- 
sality, modularity and flexibility of these instruments and systems. 
The significance of these superior characteristics of analyti- 
cal instruments for the development of methods and techniques are 
analyzed. The discussion deals with the improvements and extensions of 
methods and techniques that were used in the past for solution of 
problems by means other than analytical instruments, and with proce- 
dures that are quite impossible to implement on the classical photo- 
grammetric instruments.  Pertinent examples are given from a wide range 
of cartographic and non-cartographic applications of photogrammetry. 
Further trends and tendencies are also indicated. 
INTRODUCTION 
The design of the emerging new generation of analytical 
instruments is characterized by the implementation of the latest con- 
ceptual and technological developments from computer, systems and 
control sciences. The resulting improvements in the hardware and the 
software of these instruments, combined with the refinement of their 
optical-mechanical components and the addition of some useful auxiliary 
devices, indicate a high potential for the enhancement of old and 
development of new methods and techniques for solving problems in 
practically all photogrammetric disciplines. 
The significance of analytical instruments in relation to the 
large spectrum of existing and potentially possible applications of 
photogrammetry should be viewed against two fundamentally important 
backgrounds. The first, more general one, stems from the fact that 
photogrammetric methods, techniques and instruments constitute an 
information gathering and processing sub-system which works inside and 
for the needs of larger socio-economical systems. Consequently the 
dominant influence on the definition of goals is determined by the 
requirements generated outside the domain of photogrammetry. These 
requirements are obviously becoming more complex and demanding in pace 
with the rapid increase in the complexity and magnitude of the socio- 
economical problems. How well is photogrammetry prepared to respond 
to these requirements is not only an academic question about technical 
competence but also that of acceptance or rejection of photogrammetry 
as the means for achieving the set objectives [1].