1372 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING, 1975 
functions outlined in the system. The challenge lies in the development of an efficient 
file-handling system to tie the different function programs into a system which can meet a 
wide variety of applications. The system should be flexible so that special application pro- 
grams, which are developed for specific applications, can be easily incorporated into the 
system package. 
SUMMARY 
The recent developments in mathematical formulation and digital analysis techniques 
should make close-range photogrammetry a more attractive method of measurement in many 
areas of science and engineering. During the past four years, close-range photogrammetry has 
gained popular acceptance in biomedical research. This new field, called biostereometrics, 
can be expected to continue to grow in importance. In engineering applications, there has 
been a renewed interest in the use of photogrammetric methods for the measurement of 
structural deformations in bridges and dams. Stereophotogrammetry is also gaining rapid 
acceptance in the field of scanning electron microscopy. 
The increasing use of analytical techniques and the expanding application of photogram- 
metry in close-range mapping should encourage the development of small format comparators 
that are of moderate accuracy and cost. 
REFERENCES 
1. Abdel-Aziz, Y. I.; and Karara, H. M.; "Direct Linear Transformation into Object Space Coordinates in 
Close-Range Photogrammetry," Symposium on Close-Range Photogrammetry, University of Illinois 
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, January 26-29, 1971, pp. 1-18. 
2. Abdel-Aziz, Y. L.; "Lens Distortion at Close-Range", Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 6, 
June 1973. 
3. Abdel-Aziz, Y. L; and Karara, H. M.; Photogrammetric Potentials of Non-Metric Cameras, Civil 
Engineering Studies, Photogrammetry Series No. 36, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 
Urbana, Illinois, March 1974. 
4. Boyd, A.; "Quantitative Photogrammetric and Qualitative Stereoscopic Analysis of SEM Images", 
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9. Boyd, A.; “A Stereo-Plotting Device for SEM Micrographs; and A Real Time 3-D System for the 
SEM", Scanning Electron Microscopy/1974, (Part I), Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Scanning 
Electron Microscope Symposium, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, U.S.A., pp. 93- 
100. 
6. Boyd, A.; "Photogrammetry of Stereo Pair SEM Images Using Separate Measurements from the Two 
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Electron Microscope Symposium, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, U.S.A., pp. 101- 
108. 
7. Brock, R. H.; and Faulds, A. H.; "Film Stability Investigation", Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. 
29, No. 5; September 1963. 
8. Brown, D., Research in Mathematical Targeting, the Practical and Rigorous Adjustment of Large 
Photogrammetric Nets, RADC-TDR-353, Rome Air Development Center, October 1964. 
9. Brown, D.; "Decentering Distortion of Lenses", Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 3, May 
1966, pp. 444-462. 
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Machining from Photogrammetric Data"; Proceedings of the Biostereometrics '74 Symposium, 
Commission V, ISP, Washington, D. C.; September 10-13, 1974; pp. 531-553. 
12. Ghosh, S. K.; “Photogrammetric Calibration of a Scanning Electron Microscope”, Proceedings of the 
Biostereometrics '74 Symposium, Commission V, ISP, Washington, D. C.; September 10-13, 1974; 
pp. 493-517. 
13. Goulet, D. V.; Cuzzi, J. R.; and Herron, R. E.; ^A Parametric Description of the Human Body Using 
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ISP, Washington, D. C.; September 10-13, 1974; pp. 335-340. 
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Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Mo., March 10-15, 1974; pp. 487-510. 
15. Jancaitis, J. R.; and Junkins, J. L.; Mathematical Techniques for Automated Cartography; School of 
Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; Distributed by NTIS, 
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