Australia. There has also been railway development for coal export 
from New South Wales. Special mention will be made subsequently of 
work undertaken recently by Commonwealth Railways. 
Australian Department of Transport 
  
The Department of Transport of the Australian Government has res- 
ponsibilities, inter alia, for Shipping, Civil Aviation, Railways 
and Highways, providing significant proportions of the funding 
tor national programmes and determining (or influencing) priori- 
ties within those programmes. The Roads Division of the Surface 
Transport Group of that Department (for instance) administers the 
Federal Acts providing grants to the States for Road Purposes, 
but does not become involved directly in the location, design, 
construction, maintenance and operation of highway facilities. In 
the area of Civil Aviation, that Department is directly involved 
in the operation of facilities, but such responsibilities as de- T 
sign and construction are delegated to the Department of Housing 
and Construction. 
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY OR FOR VARIOUS AUTHORITIES 
The needs of the various highway and railway authorities for photo- 
grammetric services differ substantially from place to place and 
are satisfied in diverse ways. In most cases these needs are (or 
have been) met predominantly by governmental agencies involved in 
mapping tasks. With the growing appreciation of the distinct diffe- 
rences between mapping and engineering applications of photogram- 
metric technologies, dependence on the mapping agencies for the 
specialised services needed for engineering projects is diminishing. 
Policies and practices adopted by individual authorities will be 
dealt with separately. 
Department of Main Roads, New South Wales © 
  
This Department makes the widest usage of photogrammetric services 
of any highway or railway authority in Australia, for two princi- 
pal reasons. Firstly, the topography in the vicinity of the major 
urban complexes of Newcastle/Sydney/Wollogong, on the central coas- 
tal area, varies generally from rugged to moderate, with very litt- 
le of that area which could be described as "easy" from the view- 
point of location of road facilities. Secondly, these areas repre- 
sent the greatest industrial/commercial conurbation in Australia, 
with greater demands for traffic movement than are found elsewhere 
and catering also for more interstate movements due to its central 
position on the eastern seaboard of the continent. 
Conventional Photogrammetric Products 
The Department has complete inhouse responsibility for the planning 
of aerial photography, which is flown by either the NSW Central e 
Mapping Authority or by private contractors suitably equipped. The 
Department owns an Aviotar II (300 mm) lens cone, but no camera. 
Field survey work for control for photogrammetric projects is per- 
formed inhouse, as is strip triangulation and adjustment. Conven- 
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