——————— Jl ——— ——Ó———— 
   
      
      
  
  
  
   
  
   
Trade off 
Optimization of | 
Socio | 
| System 
| 
Economic 
Needs 
Customer 
nsseseriten cet 
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
  
    
    
  
  
  
  
   
  
    
   
  
  
  
   
  
     
  
  
  
Y 
| Purpose,Requirements 
Accuracy,Time,Fund 
eee eee re LEE LUE asap 
pt astu. dai tiir i 
[ Speculation Phase A 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
     
     
     
  
   
   
Design of 
Procedure & 
Quality 
     
  
    
     
    
Envi- 
      
ronment Control 
of Object pete Optimization 
& Organi- by Research 
zation 
   
Cost 
& Time ( rn maT 
Estimation 
Nee — Sa, Sama t] 
—— € — — — o— 
^ Analysis Phase N 
   
    
Execution 
of Project 
  
  
      
    
  
  
Evalua- 
tion & 
Result 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
INFLUENCES OPERATIONS RESULTS 
Figure 2 : The Working Phases in General 
COST-EFFECTIVENESS 
  
As a result of its many accomplishments within some industries in the 
world, the cost-effectiveness analysis approach is spreading to many 
governmental and non-governmental organizations working in science and 
technology. This approach is to consider, first, a cost-model (depend- 
ing on various factors), then an effectiveness-model (also several fac- 
tors, and finally, the cost-effectiveness model. This is explained in e 
general terms in Fig 6, prepared after Seiler [6]. o