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— field observations, using various methods of site investigations on
and below the surface, including geophysics.
The following chapters deal with the possibilities and limitations of the
application of photography and other remote sensing techniques to
engineering geological mapping. For this purpose a review has been given
of the different types of information needed during different stages of an
engineering geological study as well as a review of the presently
available remote sensing techniques and the type of information they can
yield.
2 hpngineering geological
mapping in the various stages o f an
engineering project
An important aspect of engineering geological mapping as compared to
usual systematic geological mapping is the diversity of types of
engineering geological maps. This diversity is due to the variation of the
type and the detail of information, which is required for different stages
of feasibility study, detailed planning, execution and operation of
engineering projects.
Furthermore different types of projects such as road location, urban
planning, foundation design for dams, location of tunnel alignments, etc.
require different maps with various emphases on the above mentioned aspects
of soil and rock units, hydrogeology, geomorphology and geodynamic
phenomena, For this reason engineering geological maps for special
purposes are commoner made than maps of à general type (multipurpose maps).
Engineering geological investigations can be subdivided in the following
phases:
— preliminary investigation
— reconnaissance investigation
— main investigation
— construction investigation
- investigation for operation and maintenance.
Table I summarizes the aspects of scale and of the type of information
which are related with engineering geological maps in the above mentioned
project phases.
