1. 
8. 
9. 
are taken down to a depth of 3 meters with an auger. 
sent back to the laboratory for physical and chemical analysis. 
  
Soil samples are 
Step 4: The tape-recorded field notes are transcribed and organized, 
together with data on the soil samples and ground photographs. This is 
the last stage in data collection. 
Step 5: The mapping procedure begins. The following classification 
system is used: 
Bedrock-drift complex: till, bouldery sand, clay 
(a) mainly exposed rock with minor drift cover 
(b) extensive but discontinuous drift cover 
(c) wave-washed 
Ground moraine 
(a) silty to sandy 
(b) clayey 
(c) wave-washed 
End moraines: sand, gravel, boulders, till 
(a) unmodified 
(b) modified by overriding 
(c) modified by lake action 
Ice-contact stratified drift: sand, gravel and boulders 
(occurs in eskers and kames) 
Outwash: sand and gravel 
(a) mainly gravel 
(b) mainly sand 
Lacustrine deposits: clay, silt, sand 
(a) mainly clay and silt 
(b) mainly fine sand 
Marine deposits: clay, silt, sand 
(a) mainly clay and silt 
(b) mainly sand 
Marine beach deposits: sand and gravel 
Organic deposits 
The delineation of boundaries is made on 1:60,000-scale aerial 
photographs, studied stereoscopically. As thousands of photographs are 
involved, a practical method must be found to reduce the scale of the 
  
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