tricted. 
cameras 
Dair of 
es. The 
Remarks 
  
igned for 
lusive use 
erwater 
ti-purpose 
S 
igned for 
erwater use 
  
  
erwater 
Zenji 
s discussed. 
the test of 
curate 10cm 
from approx- 
ens used. 
negatives 
2 
calculated 
2? plotted 
Finally, 
tor dis- 
the 10cm 
ting 
1ree types 
tion 
igs 1E and 
nly one 
ter photo- 
ohotogramm- 
cedures 
petween the 
rkable 
Lble for 
  
DISTORTION CHARACTERISTICS 
OF UNDERWATER LENSES 
  
  
W-NIKKOR 35mm / t 2.5 
LENS No. 432749 
COST t $200 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
L 
  
IN AIR 
FIG 1A 
UW-NIKKOR 28mm [13.5 
LENS No. 160376 
COST t $400 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
IN WATER 
NATURAL SCALE 
à ENT 
ZI) (LANES 
NAM 
IN AIR 
   
FIG 1C 
DISTORTION CONTOUR PLAN 
VERTICAL INTERVAL 5pm 
  
IN WATER 
SCALE EXAGGERATION 20x 
  
IN WATER 
DISTORTION CONTOUR PLAN 
VERTICAL INTERVAL 5 pm 
  
15