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Advances in analytical results follow: 
1. Mapping of the shallow seas - Work done by the Defense Mapping 
Agency (DMA) and NASA, on revision of the hydrographic chart of the 
Chagos Archipelago (Hammack, 1977) demonstrated the utility of Landsat 
data in mapping the shallow seas of the world. This capability adds 
greatly to the amount of area now being brought under survey with 
remote sensing in the United States and elsewhere. The significance 
of this capability, primarily for navigation purposes but also for 
exploration of shore areas for minerals and mineral fuels deposits, 
cannot be overestimated. Mapping of the shallow seas by conventional 
methods is one of the most difficult and dangerous hydrographic tasks. 
  
2. Mapping the distribution of oil on water - Landsat has proved 
an effective tool for mapping the distribution of oil on water. This 
can be done by using analog methods or digital enhancement techniques 
(Deutsch, Strong, and Estes, 1977). . The significance of this capability 
in environmental monitoring is self-evident. In addition, continued 
appearance of oil on repetitive coverage of the scene would indicate 
the presence of a natural marine oil seep. 
  
3. Mapping of major structural features on the Earth's surface, 
either linear or curvilinear - Many linear features, visible on Landsat 
images, extend for hundreds of miles; many curvilinear features are 
hundreds of miles in diameter. Mapping of such features has been 
pursued by W. D. Carter (1977), E. H. Lathram and R. C. H. Raynolds 
(1977), N. R. D. Albert and P. S. Chavez (1977), and others. Hypotheses 
have been formulated concerning the relationships between the occurrence 
of these major features and the occurrence of mineral deposits, favorable 
facies for petroleum accumulation, and potential sources of geothermal 
energy. This work has been supported by parallel investigations involv- 
ing Russian colleagues (V. I. Makarov and L. I. Solov'yeva, 1977; 
P. . V. Florensky, A..S.|Petrenko, and B. P. Shorin-Konstantinov,: 1977; 
and V. G. Trifonov, V.| I. Makarov, V. M.-Panin; S. F.'Scobelev, 
P. V..Florensky, and B. P. Shorin-Konstentinov, 1977). Some Russian 
and American scientists believe that these large structures extend to 
significant depths, perhaps into the mantle of the Earth, and that they 
have served as major conduits for bringing mineralizing fluids to the 
surface and for controlling facies distributions at depth. 
  
4. Recognition of the significance of lake distribution and lake 
orientation in Arctic and sub-Arctic areas as it adds to structural 
features - For a number of years, Scandinavian scientists have used 
lake alinements as indicators of the presence and strike of faults and 
subsequently as a guide to minerals investigations. Recent work by 
E. H. Lathram and R. G. H. Raynolds (1977), N. R. D. Albert and 
P. S. Chavez (1977), and W. A. Fischer and E. H. Lathram (1973) has 
suggested that lake orientation and distributions may indicate struc- 
tural configurations in Arctic and sub-Arctic areas that have 
significance in respect to mineral and petroleum accumulations. 
  
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