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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RECENT HIGH RESOLUTION AMATEUR
CAMERAS AND APPLICATION TO MODELING OF HISTORICAL STRUCTURE
Hirofumi Chikatsu, Yoichi Kunii
Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Denki University
Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394, JAPAN
E-mail: {chikatsu, kunii@g.dendai.ac.jp}
Commission V, WG V/4
KEY WORDS: Cultural Heritage, Calibration, Modelling, Digital, Non-Metric, Camera, Performance
ABSTRACT:
Recently, the number of pixels of amateur digital cameras are amazingly increasing by modern semiconductor and digital
technology. The highest pixels of amateur cameras was 0.8 millions in the 1996, and transmission techniques of image to PC had
been received attention. Only 5 years later, in June of the 2001, the highest pixels as an amateur camera reached 5.24 millions and
there are more than 40 kinds of high resolution amateur cameras in the market which have more than 3 million pixels in Japan. The
functionary for transmission of image to PC is standardized, and the price is less than 1000 USS.
In these circumstances, it is expected that high resolution amateur cameras will become useful tool in various photogrammetric
fields, e.g. industry, machine and robot vision, archeology, architecture, construction management, and so on.
With this objective, the authors have been concentrating on developing a low-cost photogrammetric system using a digital amateur
camera since development of low-cost and rapid techniques in documentation and monitoring of the cultural heritage is one of the
important issues of the ISPRS WG V/4 (Image Analysis and Spatial Information Systems for Applications in Cultural Heritage).
This paper reports performance evaluation of 3 million amateur cameras, and on developing a low-cost photogrammetric system.
Furthermore,3D modeling of historical structure which was designated as important cultural assets using the low-cost
photogrammetric system with 3 million amateur camera was demonstrated.
1. INTRODUCTION
The change in photogrammetry from analog to digital means a
change from film to CCD or CMOS sensor, and real-time
imaging became possible (Yamada, 1998, Anaii, 1998). In
particular, digital cameras have been getting more attention as a
convenient equipment in digital photogrammetric fields since
the number of pixels for amateur cameras are amazingly
increasing by modern semiconductor and digital technology
(Seitz, 1995). Figure 1 shows evolution of number of pixels in
amateur cameras. The highest number of pixels was 0.8
millions, and transmission techniques of image to PC had been
received attention in the 1996. Only 5 years later, in the 2001,
the highest pixels as an amateur cameras reached 5.24 millions
and there are more than 40 kinds of high resolution amateur
cameras in the market which have more than 3 million pixels in
Japan. The functionary for transmission of image to PC is
standardized.
FinePix2700
(FUJI FILM)
Number of pixels
C-25001
(OLYMPUS)
2.0 FinePix700
(FUJI FILM)
C-14001
1400 werShotPro70
(OLYMPUS)
MVC-CI
ONY)
0.0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year of issue
Figure 1: Evolution of number of pixels in amateur cameras
In these circumstances, 3 million amateur cameras are expected
to contribute enormously for development of digital
photogrammetry.
In order to evaluate the possibilities of application of 3 million
amateur cameras in digital photogrammetric fields, experiments
were performed using 10 kinds of amateur cameras and 2 kinds
of professional digital cameras, and a low-cost photogrammetric
system was developed in this paper. In addition, in order to
investigate application of the low-cost photogrammetric system
using a amateur camera, stereo images for important cultural
assets were taken, and 3D modeling of the historical structure as
important assets was performed.
2. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
2.1 Experiments
In order to estimate accuracy of 3 million amateur cameras,
experiments were performed using 10 kinds of amateur cameras
and 2 kinds of professional digital cameras (kunii, 2000). Figure
2 shows these cameras and Table 1 shows the major
components for these cameras. Some cameras have changing
function of mode such as low or medium resolution. In
particular, CP-900Z (EPSON: Hypict technology), FinePix
4700Z, FinePix S1Pro (FUJIFILM: Honeycom technology),
GC-X1 (Victor: Pixel sift technology) and RDC-7 (RICOH:
Image Enhancement Technology) realized to get high resolution
image more than original resolution by independent
interpolation technology. Hence, experiments for 27 modes
concerning 12 cameras were performed using test model. Stereo
images for every mode were taken, and camera calibrations
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