up to 48 bit 
fastest shutter 
hutter speed: 
1, GIS to 
ject of 
ymmissione V, 
12 Vio E., 
:» modelli. 
il rilievo dei 
econtruction 
Bayon, 
Arch. of 
1-4, Vienna, 
o della 
asilica di san 
i in occasione 
ione della 
Lettere ed 
of 
application. 
gress. 26-30 
is, G., 
S., Digital 
de non metric 
‚8-11, 1999 
‘the 
A. Khamen 
IT, 
Experimentation of a georeferencing methodology for the Cultural Heritage 
of Lombardia (Italy) 
Carlo MONTI Raffaella BRUMANA Carlo SAVI 
Full Professor Professor EP - Technician 
E-mail: direz@idra5.iar.polimi.it E-mail: brumanar@jidra5.iar.polimi.it E-mail: carlo@topo.polimi.it 
Luigi FREGONESE Cristiana ACHILLE Giada MONTI 
Research Assegnist 
E-mail: luigi.fregonese@polimi.it 
Caterina BALLETTI 
Research Assegnist 
E-mail: balletti@brezza.iuav.it 
E-mail: achillec@idra5.iar.polimi.it 
3" year Course of Doctorate 
E-mail: jade@libero.it 
Giovanni AUDITORE 
2" year Course of Doctorate 
E-mail: auditore@cidoc.iuav.it 
DITAR - Department of Hydraulic, Environmental, Street Infrastructures and Survey Engineering 
Survey Division - Polytechnic of Milan - ITALY 
Laboratory of "Survey, Digital Mapping and GIS” 
P.za Leonardo Da Vinci 32 - 20133 Milano - ITALY 
tel. +39 2 2399 6533 fax +39 2 2399 6550 
Key Words: Cultural heritage, GIS, georefencing methods, numerical cartography 
The project “Georeferencing of Architectural Heritage” becomes a part of a larger Regional Program of Development that provides 
the carryng out of the management aim named “Achievement and optimization of the Informative System of Lombardia for the Risck 
Chart of Cultural Heritage”. The project aims to built, as it’s pointed out in laws, the co-ordination of activities and specific 
competences that are necessary in reaching the definitions of rules, methodologies and specific thecniques for the georeferencig of 
monumental heritage (about 9000 monuments) in the entire regional territory. The main targets of the project can be summarized in 
the following steps: 
1. define methodologies and standard of georeferencing inside the Regional Territorial Informative System. 
2. test instruments and georeferencing rules and methods based on numerical chartography such as CTR, orthophotos, or on place 
surveying using new portable GPS strumentation, and using cadastrial data; 
3. evaluate costs and management aspects in diferent ipothesys; 
4.test the process in pilot - area with diferent territorial characteristics; 
5. give geographic coordinates of monuments obtained by digitizing their features on Regional Technic Cartography (scale 1:10000) 
and, expecially for historical urban centres, on other bigger scale cartographies (scale 1:2000). 
Different methods for monuments geographic position acquisition have been studied, considering them as possible alternative choice 
for different levels of cognitive deepening, integrable for the same Monument, to take the greatest advantages of all their 
potentialities and to employ all available data giving guarantee of a compatible standard for the aims of the entire project. 
In the conceptual passage from cataloguing information to the 
filing cards and scheduled maintenance, developing the Risk 
Map constitutes a fundamentally important element that 
replaces the old school of thought centred on making special 
interventions once the damage occurs. At the basis of all this, 
lies the idea to identify systems and procedures that enable 
scheduled interventions, supplementing the data relative to the 
environmental risk and correlating the cultural objects with the 
geographic context. 
The general objective of the study presented here is to 
contribute to the development of methodological and 
technological survey applications, to modelling, georeferencing, 
and handling of the Cultural Heritage in the general framework 
of drawing up a Risk Map, as part of system developed by the 
ICR, summarised in the six file-card outlines in relation to 
Heritage items of various typology and dimension. 
In a system where survey scales and purposes are vastly 
different, it bridges the gap between the specific classification 
and cataloguing to drafting the Risk map of Cultural Objects at 
a national and regional scale and point setting of the object to an 
architectonic scale. Specific surveys support the analysis of the 
current conditions, for preparation of the vulnerability file cards 
at various levels, for scheduled maintenance, and for routine site 
operations. 
Therefore, a complex system is generated (see the setting and 
interpretation developed by the Central Institute for Restoration 
and made on a regional level - ex. Risk Map of the Heritage of 
the Region of Lombardy) oriented toward exploration 
conducted on different scales. This ranges from cataloguing 
with a view to developing the Map, which entails and requires 
laying down protocols for development of the georeferencing of 
the Heritage objects on a regional and national scale, in which 
the study of the survey of the object and the integrated data 
processing and models - including from a geometric, spatial and 
morphological point of view - their use, are recognised 
The general objective of the study presented here is to 
contribute to the development of methodological and 
technological applications to the survey, to modelling, 
georeferencing, and handling the cultural heritage in the general 
framework of drawing up a Risk Map, as part of system 
developed by the ICR, summarised in the six file-card outlines 
in relation to cultural heritage objects with differing typology 
and dimension: 
-429—