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3 
Its further development the theory of ray-bundles transformation received in the 
*Photocartograph"; !) in this instrument the resection is based upon a strict realization of 
the conditions of rectification of photographs. 
The Photocartograph is essentially a double projector, in which the scheme of resection 
is based upon the principle *a triangle plus a parallelogram" (see Fig. 1). There are in it 
the basic movements of the carriages X, Y, Z of the instrument proper, and those of the 
carriages X', Y' of the co-ordinatograph. 
The heights of contours are transformed, 
namely, they become kh, where k is the model 
transformation ratio. The orientation ele- 
ments are given in the instrument by the 
angular components ka, kw, »;, and by those 
linear b,, b,, kb,. 
As compared with the stereoplanigraph 
(which, as regards its functioning, is nearer 
than any other instrument to the one de- 
scribed here), the photocartograph has ad- 
ditional dependent orientation elements, 
namely, the “decentrations” Ax, Ay, of the 
holders, and an arrangement for setting 
inclination angles of spatial correction 
devices a, and w,, which are located near 
the optical system. 
In Fig. 2 is shown the scheme of aerial 
picture transformation and of its orientation 
elements, as compared with the orientation 
elements of a picture projected by a similar 
bundle of rays. In the photocartograph 
instead of setting the angle a, the orientation 
elements ka, Ax and a, are set in the same 
  
  
plane. During the process of plotting a spatial arm S,N displaces the measuring mark from 
the direction S’,N to the directions S,N. 
  
  
B Fig. 3. 
  
transform it into a strictly horizontal image. In Fig. 
Experiments 
carried out with this instrument have 
t sis confirmed the high working precision of the ray-bundles 
[7 2 transformation mechanism. The setting of orientation ele- 
ments ka and Ax is, in a comparatively easy way, actuated 
with the aid of a common drive mechanism. 
Owing to low resolving power of the stereo-image as 
observed on the screens, the instrument described above has 
not received any further development or application. More 
precise results could have been obtained by means of mechan- 
ical resection under utilization of the described scheme but an 
instrument of such a type was never created. 
Prof. G. V. Romanovsky developed the principle of making 
resection under utilization of transformed ray-bundles, which 
principle was based on an automatic determination of cor- 
^ rections to be brought to the distorted photograph in order to 
3 is represented a picture “nm” in its 
tilted and, respectively, horizontal positions, obtained by rotating it around the zero defor- 
1) See F. V. Drobyshev, Elements of Aerial Surveying and Photogrammetry. Geodeziz- 
dat, Moscow 1955.