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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
photography would preclude obtaining high-
altitude color photographs under existing
technology, but much of the current black-
and-white photography taken at flying heights
of 20,000 feet or less could probably be suc-
cessfully replaced by color photography.
Recently developed short-focal-length-lenses
(3.5 inches) corrected for color would provide
photographs of relatively small scale, which
is generally desired for many compilations by
the photogrammetric engineer and for cer-
tain compilations by the geologist.
CONCLUSIONS
Basic geologic research dealing with terrain
features can be aided by use of techniques
designed to obtain quantitative data from
aerial photographs. It is especially appropri-
ate that aerial photographs be used to pro-
vide the raw data when it is considered that
extensive measurements are made by geo-
morphologists from topographic maps—which
are compiled today primarily from aerial
photographs. In addition, the aerial photo-
graph contains a wealth of detail relating, for
example, to the number of small streams or
changes in slope not found on topographic
maps because of cartographic limitations that
allow only selected information to be shown.
That quantitative measurements in addi-
tion to those of classical photogrammetry can
be made from aerial photographs emphasizes
the importance of aerial photography as a tool
in geologic research.
REFERENCES CITED
Blanchet, P. H., 1957, ‘Development of Fracture
Analysis as Exploration Method": Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 41, 8, p. 1748-
1759.
Cooke, C. Wythe, 1954, ''Carolina Bays and
Shapes of Eddies": U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.
Paper 254-1, p. 195-206.
Gross, W. H., 1951, “A Statistical Study of Topo-
graphic Linears and Bedrock Structures’: Geol.
Assoc. Canada Proc., vol. 4, p. 77-87.
Johnson, D. W., 1942, “The Origin of the Carolina
Bays: New York, Columbia University Press,
341 p.
Lattman, LH, and Nickelsen, R. P., 1958,
“Photogeologic Fracture-trace Mapping in Ap-
palachian Plateau’: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geolo-
gists Bull., vol. 42, 9, p. 2238-2243.
Melton, F. A., 1933, “The Carolina “Bays’’—Are
They Meteorite Scars’: Jour. Geology, vol. 41, 1,
p. 52-66.
Miller, V. C., 1953, “A Quantitative Geomorphic
Study of Drainage Basin Characteristics in the
Clinch Mountain Area,” Virginia and Tennessee :
Tech. Rpt. no. 3, Contract N6 ONR 271-30,
Dept. of Geology, Columbia University, 30 p.
Moore, J. G., 1947, “The Determination of the
Depths and Extinction Coefficients of Shallow
Water by Air Photography using Colour Fil-
ters": Roy. Soc. London, Phil. Trans., Ser. A,
vol. 240, p. 163-217.
Prouty, W. F., 1952, “Carolina Bays and Their
Origin": Geol. Soc. America Bull, vol. 63, 2,
p. 167—224.
Aerial Photography and Forestry in Southeast. Asia*
APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES
T MAY be stated as a well-known fact, that
I at the present time the application of aerial
photography in forestry is almost indispensa-
ble. Especially in the large and extensive
forest regions in tropical countries, this tech-
nique proved to be absolutely necessary to ob-
tain, in a relatively short time, a good overall
impression of prevailing forest conditions.
These forest conditions are mainly deter-
mined by the occurrence and local distribu-
tion of different forest types, which may gen-
D. A. BOON,
International Training Centre for
Aerial Survey, Delft, Holland
erally be identified upon the aerial photo-
graphs.
Such an identification, however, is only
possible by specialists, who have obtained a
certain amount of experience in this special-
ized work or have had the opportunity to fol-
low a special training course in photo interpre-
tation. Successful photo interpretation, there-
fore, will only give reasonable results, if the
interpreter is qualified and experienced, and
if the instruments used for this purpose are
adequate. Should these conditions not be ful-
* This paper is part of the 1960 program of Commission VII (Photographic Interpretation) of the
International Society of Photogrammetry, and is submitted by the Commission's W orking Group 4
“Vegetation.” Other papers of this Commission are in this issue and also in Vol. XXV, 1 and 5.
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