scientist he was. He approached every problem with an
enthusiasm, intensity and dedication rarely seen. Nothing
was ever just "good enough." Things had to be done right
and redone, if necessary, until they were right. No problems
were left unsolved and he strived for perfection in every
operation under his command. He inspired fierce loyalty in
all who worked for and with him. He was a patient teacher
who spent hours explaining in great detail the intricacies of
analytical photogrammetry to anyone who showed an inter-
est. He richly deserves a hallowed place in the archives of
the greats of geodesy and photogrammetry.
G. Carper Tewinkel (1909 — 1999)
The wellknown American photogrammetrist and editor,
Garrett Carper Tewinkel, passed away on 18th November
1999 in Wenatchee, Washington, USA, at the age of 90
years. To his friends and colleagues in the profession,
"Carper" will always be remembered for his dedication and
service as ISPRS Council Member during 1968-1976 and
as the Editor-in-Chief of the ASP Journal of Photogram-
metric Engineering, during 1965-1974.
Carper was born on 20th January 1909 near Spokane,
Washington and received his early education in the public
schools of that area. In 1932 he earned a Bachelor's
Degree in Mechanical Engineering at Washington State
University. After graduation he was employed by the U.S.
Forest Service in northern Idaho, and in 1935 he went to
work for the Soil Conservation Service in Spokane. In 1939
he began graduate study in
photogrammetry at Syracuse
University under the tutelage of
Professor Earl Church and
earned a Master's Degree in
Civil Engineering in 1940. After
returning to the Soil Conserva-
tion Service for a year, he trans-
ferred to the U.S. Coast and
Geodetic Survey (C&GS) in
Washington, D.C., where he
served as Chief of the Research
Branch of the Photogrammetry
Division. In 1959 he attended a
one-year graduate study programme in mathematics at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1943 Carper joined the American Society of Photogram-
metry (ASP) and in 1944 the first of his career's many peer-
reviewed articles on photogrammetry was published. He
was one of the editors of the Manual of Photogrammetry,
B4 oo
1st ed. and was chapter editor of the 'Basic Mathematics of
Photogrammetry’ in the 2nd and 3rd editions of the Manual.
After serving the ASP for several years on numerous com-
mittees, including Publications, Education, the Manual,
Nomenclature, and Finance, Carper took on the assignment
of Assistant Editor of the Photogrammetric Engineering
Journal and then became Editor-in-Chief. Under his very
competent guidance the Journal expanded its scope,
enhanced its review process and, by 1967, increased its
annual issues from eight to twelve to become a monthly
publication. He served eight years on the ASP Board of
Direction, three of which were on the Executive Committee,
and in 1960 he was elected President of ASP. In 1966 he
was awarded the Fairchild Photogrammetric Award and in
1972 he was named an Honorary Member of ASP.
Carper was an ardent advocate of education in the pho-
togrammetric community and it was this drive that led him
to not only write many practical articles, but to teach basic
photogrammetry for fellow employees, as well as for for-
eign trainees, through a US AID programme. From 1948 to
1965 he taught photogrammetry at the US Department of
Agriculture Graduate School and at the George Washing-
ton University.
His first position in ISP was in 1948 as USA secretary to
Commission VI on "Bibliography." At the 1952 ISP Congress
he presented a paper on the calibration of the nine-lens aer-
ial camera developed at C&GS by his supervisor, Captain O.
S. Reading, who was ISP President at that time. At C&GS in
1957 he began development of a practical system of ana-
lytic aerotriangulation and, with the programming support of
his research colleague Morton Keller, developed the rou-
tines and data flow for producing the first operational For-
tran programs in the world for aerial triangulation. The sys-
tem was published in a series of C&GS technical reports on
Coordinate Refinement, Resection, Strip Adjustment and
Block Adjustment. In 1966 he was awarded the Department
of Commerce Gold Medal "For exceptional technical contri-
butions to the science of photogrammetry, resulting in last-
ing improvements to the surveying and charting programs
of the Coast & Geodetic Survey."
His leadership in this field led to his selection as President
of ISP Commission lll "Aerial Triangulation" for the 1964-
1968 term. He then went on to serve ISP as Secretary
General during 1968-1972 and as First Vice President dur-
ing 1972-1976.
Upon his retirement, Carper returned to the western USA
states where he resided until his death. He is survived by
his wife, Dorothy Tewinkel of Wenatchee, Washington; a
brother, Maurice Tewinkel, and a sister, May Scaroni.
International Archives of Photogrammerty and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part A. Amsterdam 2000.
