Gruen, Armin 
be structured. With this technique, hundreds of objects (>500) may be measured in one day. The computation of the 
structure is much faster than the measurements of the operator, such that the procedure can be implemented in on-line 
mode. If overlay capabilities are available on the stereo device the quality control and the editing by the operator 
becomes very intuitive and efficient. 
The DTM, if not given a priori, can also be measured pointwise. 
Texture from aerial images is mapped automatically on the terrain and on the roofs, since the geometrical relationship 
between object faces and image planes has been established. Facade texture is produced semi-automatically via 
projective transformation from terrestrial images, usually taken by camcorders or still video cameras. 
The system produces its own internal 3-D datastructure, including texture. Interfaces to major public dataformats are 
available. A pilot version of a hybride 3-D Spatial Information System (CC-SIS, CyberCity Spatial Information System) 
is also under development (Wang, Gruen, 2000b). 
For a detailed description of CC-Modeler see Gruen, Wang, 1997. The system and software are fully operational. More 
than 25 000 buildings at high resolution have been generated already with this approach. Figure 9 shows one of our 
latest products, the Congress Center RAI, Amsterdam, location of the XIXth ISPRS Congress. 
  
Analytical plotter] | Digital station | 
n... 
ns, 
Preprocessing — |]  — . — .— 
    
  
  
Initial probabilities 
Relaxation processing 
  
  
  
  
    
Y TT AutoCAD 
Face definition : : 
& LS adjustment A 
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
Cosmo Player 
  
  
  
  
Figure 9. 3-D model of the Congress Center RAI, Amsterdam, produced with CC-Modeler 
(vector data, overlaid with natural texture) 
  
316 International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B5. Amsterdam 2000.