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Nigam, Rajat 
Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System For Land Use / Land 
Cover Mapping And Change Detection in the Rural Urban Fringe Area of Enschede City, The 
Netherlands. 
R. K. Nigam 
Division of Urban Survey , Planning and Management 
Department of Land Resource & Urban Sciences 
International Institute For Aerospace Survey And Earth Sciences GTC) 
Enschede, The Netherlands 
KEY WORDS : Remote Sensing , GIS, Land use, User Interface, Change Detection, Urban Objects... 
ABSTRACT 
Management and planning of urban space requires spatially accurate and timely information on land use and changing 
pattern. Monitoring provides the planners and decision-makers with required information about the current state of 
development and the nature of changes that have occurred.Remote sensing and Geographical Information system (GIS) 
provides vital tools which can be applied in the analysis at the district and as well, as the city level. Remote sensing 
becomes useful because it provides synoptic view and multi- temporal Land uses / Land cover data that are often 
required. Though often used only for identifying objects.This study evaluates the effectiveness of High-Resolution 
satellite data and computer aided GIS techniques in assessing the land use change dynamics with in the study area 
designated Enschede City, from 1993 to 1998. The methodology adopted involved the Visual interpretation of land use 
on acetate overlays according to the land use classification. Satellite images were used for the year 1993 and 1996 at 
scale 1:25000. A minimum delineation unit of 5 mm x 5 mm was used for mapping. Data was then digitised using 
ILWIS, the by creating a digital database for further analysis. Subsequently land use maps were crossed with each other 
to identify and quantify the land use changes types. Finally, Hot links and User Interface was developed so that the 
information can be provided to the user with a well-documented procedure. The system in this case will be operated from 
Arc / View environment. 
1 INTRODUCTION 
1.1 URBANISATION 
Urbanisation is the process in which the number of people living in city increases compared with the number of people 
living in rural areas. A country is considered to be urbanised when over 5096 of its population live in urban areas. During 
the industrial revolution in 1851, the first countries to become urbanised were Great Britain and some other European 
countries. The urbanisation process in the Netherlands has traditionally been dominated by the housing sector. Recent 
discussions on spatial planning on a national level, tend to focus on the construction of one million new residences for 
the coming decades, rather than considering our living environment as the departure point. To fulfil the above 
requirement, the rural urban fringe of the eastern part of the Enschede City is chosen for the further development. Urban 
land features change in both central urban area and in urban-rural fringe. Urbanisation process changed the regional 
social and economic activities and generates the urban impact on the natural environment. To detect the dynamic land 
use / land cover changes, analyse the social and cultural impacts, evaluate the influence of those changes to natural 
environment will increase our knowledge of understanding of human-environment interactions. 
1.2 REMOTE SENSING AS MONITORING TECHNIQUE 
Urban planning requires data on changing land use, urban sprawl and the environment. This leads to the needs for 
monitoring by updating the knowledge to support the decision making at the suitably frequent intervals. Monitoring of 
the land use / land cover requires the support of two parameters-spatial resolution and temporal frequencies. Based on 
these two properties, Townshed (1977) has defined four of phenomena to be monitored and consequently four types of 
monitoring system. The relationship among four types of phenomena and monitoring system can be elaborated as: 
* Rapid changes of large object .For this a low spatial resolution and high temporal frequencies are required. 
* Rapid changes of small objects. These require both high spatial and temporal resolution. 
e Slow changes of large objects. This needs a low temporal frequency and low spatial resolution. 
Slow changes of small objects. For this a high spatial resolution are required and low temporal resolution are required. 
  
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B7. Amsterdam 2000. 993