IAPRS & SIS, Vol.34, Part 7, “Resource and Environmental Monitoring”, Hyderabad, India, 2002
Highly
potential Environmentally sensitive areas which require
immediate conservation & Development.
3.1 Suggestive Measures:
e The Gautami-Godavari estuary is a natural positive
estuarine ecosystem with a very high capacity for
cycling of nutrients and trace metals for bioprocess
utilisation. It has a good assimilating capacity for
various chemical constituents and efficiently converts
in addition to solar energy,wind and tidal energy for
high bioproductivity resulting in high economic
returns. Therefore any further developmental
activities in this study area should be taken up such
that they will not disturb the various functional
integrates of the ecosystem.
e [tis estimated that 30% to 40% of the degradation of
mangrove forests has taken place in the last one
decade due to agriculture,aquaculture and tree-felling
activities, oil and pesticide's pollution and due to the
forces of natural degradation. As mangrove forests
prevent soil erosion, sea encroachment and act as
stabilizers for wind, sea wave energy and support bio-
productivity, an intense program to regenerate
degraded mangrove areas has to be taken up in the
study area. Mangrove plantation creating auxiliary
channels in the upland degraded areas for seawater
intrusion is being done on an experimental basis. This
is working very well and more funds should be
pumped to intensify this activity.
e Environmental data collection includes biophysical
and socio-economic aspects(earth resources). satellite
imagery should be used advantageously for collection
of data on geomorphology, ground water and climatic
features and landuse patterns to explore the
possibility of identifying zones suitable for
aquaculture with the minimum of environmental
disruption and resource use conflicts.
e Detailed qualitative and quantitative studies should be
made on water sources for major aquaculture
installations with particular reference to their
contamination by agricultural and industrial
pollutants and their effects on aquaculture.
e Primary growth mangrove areas should be strictly not
used for developing aquaculture farms. Secondary
growth areas of the mangrove swamp should be
selected - This would least affect the ecological value
of the system and allow the regenerative potential to
continue.
e Closer siting of different aqua farms should be
limited and size of the site should be limited to the
minimum necessary.
e Collection of wild seed from the creek and sea must
be prohibited. Seed must be procured from
hatcheries. If seed collection from the creek is noticed
it must immediately be seized and dumped back into
the creek.
e Studies are required on harmful aquaculture practices
(such as excessive use of chemicals) that impair
product quality and affect the health of consumers.
Strategies should be devised for the restoration of
abandoned aqua farms to their original state.
e The quality of wastes can be improved by appropriate
changes in aquaculture technologies and the addition
418
of waste treatment facilities in the farm layout should
be considered.
e The following guidelines suggested by US-EPA may
be followed for locating aqua farm sites:
e Identification of the kind and quality of
pollutant(s) to be used in the aqua farm
e Available information on
e The conversion efficiency of the pollutant
harvestable product.
e The potential increased yield of the species
being cultured, and
e Any identifiable new product to be produced,
including anticipated quantity of harvestable
product
e Identification of the species of organisms to be
cultured
e Identification of the parameters of water quality
required for the growth and propagation of the
cultured species including, but not limited to,
DO, salinity, temperature and nutrients such as
Nitrates,nitritesammonia „total P and total
organic carbon.
e Identification of possible health effects of the
proposed aquaculture projects including: disease
or parasites associated with the crop which could
affect the life on human health, bioconcentration
in the crop including, but not limited to,
radionucleides, heavy metals and pathogenic
organisms associated with the pollutants used.
e Identification of pollutants produced by the
species under culture, especially those which
may be channeled into waste effluents such as
ammonia,hydrozen sulfide,organic residues,
phospates and nitrates.
e Identification of disposal methods to be used ,
should there be a necessity for intentional
destruction or a massive natural death of the
organisms under culture.
4.0 REFERENCES
Anderson J R , Hardy E E , Roach J T and Witmer R E ., 1976 :
A landuse and land cover classification for use with Remote
sensor data , Geological survey professional paper 964, U S
Department of interior , U S government printing office ,
Washington , D C ., 28 pp.
ASEAN. 1991. Mangrove Fisheries and Connections
Workshop, 26-30 August 1991, Ipoh Perak, Malaysia. ASEAN-
Australian Living Coastal Resources Project.
Balaxite R., 1979 : The application of Landsat data to tropical
forest surveys, FAO publication.
Bomberger E H ,et.al.1960:Photo interpretation in agriculture.
Manual of Photointerpretation page 561-666.
Chapman, V.J., "Mangrove Biogeography", in Hydrobiology of
the Mangal, The Ecosystem of the Mangrove Forest", the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1984
Champion H G , etal ., :Forest types of Pakistan. Pakistan
forest Institute, Peshawar.
Christensen, B. 1979. Mangrove forest resources and their
management in Asia and the Far East. FAO 2-9
Charuppat T: Study on the changes of Mangrove forest areas in
Thailand: paper presented at the 15th Pacific congress ,
Dunnedin, New Zealand.
Choudhury, A B , 1978:Mangrove environment of Sunderbans,
West Bengal, India. Seminar on human uses of the Mangrove
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