configuration item | specification 
TLS Camera | CCD Elements | pixels/line i 14,400 
i. 1 1 671 | pixel pitch | 2S Spm — 
Number of Sensors | 10 (3 directions — with RGB - and NIR) 
| Intensity dynamic range | 9 bits or more 
| Lens focal length 60 mm 
| Stereo angle 17 ..23 ,40' etc 
| Number of capturing lines 125, 250, and 500 lines/sec 
  
Stabilizer 
{ Angle resolution in attitude | 0.00128 
| spatial stability Erb ! 0.00029 
| Maximum angle velocity 30° /sec ; zt 
| Data output (acceleration/attitude) 500 Hz 
GPS Receiver | 2f kinematics | planimetric accuracy | 
2cm + 2 ppm 
  
| (post processes) | height accuracy 3cm + 2 ppm 
  
  
| Data output | 5Hz 
Recorder | HDD recording | recording speed | 150 MB/sec or more 
| + — ^ - ee t — à — — 
| | recording capacity | 320 GB 
  
Table 1. SI-250 system specifications 
As a result, STARIMAGER produces seamless high-resolution 
images (5 — 10 cm footprint on the ground) with three viewing 
directions (forward, nadir and backward) There are two 
configurations for image acquisition. The first ensures the 
stereo imaging capability, in which the three CCD arrays of the 
red channels are read out. The second configuration uses the 
RGB CCD arrays (see Figure 6 for the spectral channels) to 
deliver color imagery. 
GPS Anntena 
INS*Camera 
Stabilizer Center 
    
^ GPSIIMU Vector 
Camera Center E 
7 INS/Camera Vector 
Figure 4. Sensors for STARIMAGER 
  
Figure 5. Electronic units in the helicopter cabin 
After the collection of the GPS/INS raw data, the kinematic 
position and attitude data are calculated. This results in drift 
values for the IMU observations, which currently have to be 
recovered, together with possible other systematic errors, by 
triangulation. 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B1. Istanbul 2004 
Image Sensor (CCD) - Responsivity 
10 
  
  
| 
[6 + 
350 400 450 500 550 500 650 700 750 
800 (nnm) 850 
Figure 6. Spectral channels for SI-250 
2.3 Camera calibration 
STARLABO performs both laboratory calibration and field 
calibration before utilizing the TLS camera for 3D. 
measurements to ensure a certain level of accuracy. The 
laboratory calibration (see Figure 7) includes geometric tests 
(CCD pixel position, distortion, MTF, etc.) and radiometric 
tests (sensitivity, PRNU, linearity, S/N, etc). The field 
calibration uses self-calibration to determine the camera 
distortion data (Chen et al., 2003). 
  
Figure 7. Optical system for laboratory calibration 
The TLS camera tester (see Figure 8) provides day-to-day 
maintenance services including quick checking of a variety of 
sensing capabilities including sensitivity, MTF, S/N, etc. before 
the actual operations. 
  
Figure 8. TLS Camera Tester 
      
      
   
   
   
     
     
    
     
     
    
      
    
   
   
   
  
      
   
   
  
   
   
  
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
   
  
    
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