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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part Bl. Istanbul 2004
speed of cars and other objects. So it can be applied to traffic
flow measurement, illegal parking investigations and other
problems where object kinematics plays a role.
Semi- or fully automated extraction of man-made objects such
as buildings and roads through a data fusion procedure such as
combining TLS images with laser scan data is one of the
important themes to explore (Figure 14). Nakagawa, 2001
describes such an approach to build 3D models by simply
tracing the outlines of buildings on TLS nadir images with
assistance of laserscan data, aiming at a simple mapping system
to be used for non-skilled operators.
TrueOrtho?" (P erfect Ortho)
Orthoimage
Figure 13. True ortho-image
ROPPONGI AREA, JAPAN
Detailed 3D Model |
Figure 14. 3D modeling by data fusion, combining TLS image
data and laserscan data
5. CONCLUSIONS
Today we see a strong trend towards the use of sensors that
provide digital data right away, as for instance very large
format digital aerial cameras. This paper presented the
principles of the TLS (Three Line Scanner) system of
STARLABO Corp, Tokyo and some of its possible applications.
Many other applications are of course foreseeable. We reported
about hardware and software issues. We have shown that with
the new sensor model and image acquisition concept new
possibilities for algorithmic design in data processing arise,
which are already implemented in software. Currently the
biggest problem left is to improve the measurement accuracy of
position and attitude of the TLS camera perspective center and
the optical axis by the GPS/IMU system in order to get very
high accuracy measurements with as few control points as
possible. Furthermore, the automated detection of changes
between images of two different times is also an important
theme to be explored. Semi- or fully automated extraction of
man-made objects such as buildings and roads is a further topic
of interest, which will also be addressed through the concept of
sensor fusion such as using TLS images in conjunction with
laserscan data (Nakagawa, 2001; see Figure 14). Also, the
velocity measurement of cars and rivers is another topic under
investigation.
The TLS system has reached a stage of maturity and
effectiveness that makes it well suited for many projects in
traditional fields of photogrammetry, but also opens new
application areas and a whole new array of scientific, technical
and business opportunities.
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