International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part Bl. Istanbul 2004
the fastatic method with an accuracy 0.1 m in the terrain for the
values of x, y and z. During the survey, the terrain points were
documented with photographs, on which the terrain situation
and survey position were visible. They were used together with
_ photographic sketches for pointing out the points on images
(Figure land 2 .).
The process of determining coordinates future points to be used
for correlation and for controlling mapping quality of the
achieved points constituted a very important element. In each
case we tried to ensure that the accuracy of GCP identification
on the imagery was definitely below one pixel.
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Table 1. Characteristics of imaging used
20
di Scloctnd
GCP on
"vy Image
Figure 1. Projected identification GCP on QuickBird imaging
fragment
"eus
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Figure 2. Photo-point measured with a use of GPC identified in
imaging
Thanks to the use of a GPS receiver for acquiring the points, all
coordinates are of exactly the same accuracy of measurement,
which considerably affects the result of adjustment. For ortho-
adjustment we used two types of DEM: Digital Terrain
Elevation DATA-Level 2 like accuracy type of grid 1x2” and
height accuracy 5-7 meters, as well as grid 25x25 m and height
accuracy 1-3 meters.
2.1 PROCESSING
Ortho-adjustment process were conducted using commercially
available software: PCI Geomatica 9 including a module Ortho-
Engine. This software enables the use of several methods of
geometrical adjustment. In the framework of tests two methods
were used:
Rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) method is the 3D model
describing the relations land-image in form of polynomial
quotient. “Firmware information” of mathematical relations in
form of RPC coefficients is transferred within the image
ordered. Terms of polynomial have no simple physical or
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RMSE on check points - (ICPs) [m]
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Figure 3.
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