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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
2 Imagery Reference Model will define the relationship 
between SD GeoreferenceableDataSet and the overall 
geographic imagery [8]. A georeferenceable dataset consists of 
two parts: Data (SD SensorMeasurement), and metadata 
(MD Metadata). MD Metadata is defined in ISO 19115 and 
the imagery related metadata are defined in ISO 19115-2 
currently in the development [4]. Among all metadata classes 
relevant to SD. GeoreferenceableDataSet, Figure | shows the 
three ones that are specifically for the imagery and gridded 
data: DQ DataQuality, Radiometry, and 
SD GeolocationInformation. Among the three classes, ISO 
19130 only defines SD GeolocationInformation class. 
DQ DataQuality and Radiometry classes, which are shown in 
Figure 1 as the placeholders, are not defined yet in ISO 19100 
standards. 
The class SD. GeolocationInformation is the superclass of all 
classes existing for georeferencing a dataset (Figure 2). This 
class has the three aggregated classes: SD SensorModel, 
SD FunctionalFitModel, and SD GCPCollection. The class 
SD GeolocationInformation is aggregated into the class 
MI GeoreferencingDescription that is defined in the ISO 
19115-2. 
  
  
MI GeoreferencingDescription 
  
*georeferencingStatementQ. 1] : CharacterStting 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
SD GCPCollection 
* collectionldentification : Integer 
r * collectionName . CharacterString 
+ coordinateReferenceSystem . MO_CRS 
<Abstract> 
SD SensorModel 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 2 — UML class-diagram of the class SD. GeolocationInformation 
2.2 Coordinate Systems (Clause 7) 
The CD-1 defines a set of coordinate reference systems that are 
relevant for the sensors standardized in ISO 19130. These 
coordinate reference systems express positions in the following 
coordinate spaces: instrument space including scanner/profiler, 
area sensor, SAR/InSAR, lidar, and sonar; platform space; orbit 
space; stereomodel space; Earth centered inertial space; Earth 
centered rotating space; and projected space. Table 1 
summarizes the coordinate reference systems defined in ISO 
19130. The structure and the terminology for defining those 
reference systems are taken from the ISO 19111 (Spatial 
referencing by coordinates) [9]. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Name of coordinate reference system Short 
name 
Line sensor coordinate reference systems LIS 
Focal plane coordinate reference system FOP 
Aft optical coordinate reference system AFO 
Scan mirror coordinate reference system SCM 
Telescope coordinate reference system TEL 
Area sensor coordinate reference systems ARS 
Stereo model coordinate reference Systems SMO 
Platform coordinate reference systems PLA 
Orbital coordinate reference systems ORB 
| Paper and film scanners coordinate reference systems | SCA 
Earth centered inertial coordinate reference system ECI 
Earth centered rotating coordinate reference system ECR 
Projected coordinate reference system PRO 
  
Table 1. Coordinate reference systems defined in ISO 19130 
24] 
2.3 Sensor Types (Clause 8) 
Many different sensors are currently used in remote sensing. In 
order to simplify the standard setting, ISO 19130 classifies 
sensors into types based primarily on the geometrical properties 
of the sensor. For each type of sensors, the standard provides a 
general description of the sensors so that users of this standard 
can easily find the class their sensor belongs to. The following 
sensor types are currently described in CD-1: scan linear array, 
pushbroom array, digital frame camera, frame camera, paper 
and film scanner, and virtual sensor (Figure 3). The virtual 
sensor provides general attributes of a sensor in order to enable 
the use of this standard in the case of a new type of a sensor 
that will have been developed before a future version of this 
standard will be published. Other types of sensors, such as 
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Interferometric SAR 
(InSAR), Lidar, and hydrographic sonar, are also important in 
remote sensing sensors. However, the project team feels that 
the technology development for such sensors is still ongoing 
and therefore it is not appropriate to standardize those types of 
sensor in this standard. 
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Figure 3. UML class-diagram of SD SensorType 
2.4 Location Model (Clause 9) 
The location information described in this clause provides 
spatial relationships. among the components of a sensor, 
between sensor and platform, between a sensor and the Earth, 
and between a platform and the Earth. The standard models the 
location of an object (either moving or stationary) in a 
coordination reference system by three components: position, 
attitude, and motion (Figure 4).