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|. Symposium 
| Regional and 
Application of REAL TIME GIS using RTK-GPS for Local Government 
Aki OKUNO (Graduate Student) and Masaaki SHIKADA (Corresponding Author) 
Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT) 
7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa 921-8501, JAPAN 
Fax; +81 76-294-6736 
E-mail: a640021 7@venus.kanazawa-it.ac.jp, shikada@neptune.kanazawa-it.ac.jp 
Tel; +81 76-294-6712 
PS WG: /1 
KEY WORDS: Geography, Mapping, GIS, GPS/INS, Real-time 
ABSTRACT: 
Much local government has been using a large scale digital map with Information System (GIS). GIS will be able to work efficiently 
and to reduce the costs of mapping. However, the maintenance and renewal of a map database need much labor and time. The updating 
method of a map is not established yet, and there are very few successful examples. The purpose of this study is the application of 
REAL TIME GIS using RTK-GPS to the large scale digital map for local government. REAL TIME GIS is the system for real-time 
mapping and updating at the field site using Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS), GIS and cellular phone. This 
system has the problem that RTK-GPS positioning data is Japanese Geodetic Datum 2000 (JGD2000) of WGS-84, but most of the 
digital maps of local government are still Tokyo Datum of old geodetic system. It is necessary to transform an old geodetic system to 
a new one. Several methods were used for this problem. The results of coordinates conversion were compared Affine Transformation 
with TKY2JGD. Moreover, the number and arrangement of control points were changed, coordinates were converted by Affine 
Transformation. In this paper, the parameters which were calculated by Affine Transformation were named “High-Accuracy 
Regional Parameter (HARP)”. As a result, TKY2JGD has a maximum 15cm error. Affine Transformation has 2cm errors using 4 
control points at the corner of unit. In conclusion, the need of HARP with Affine Transformation was indicated. It is suggested that 
the process of REAL TIME GIS and HARP should be introduced to the work of local government. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Much local government has been utilizing the Base Map (BM) 
in order to support for urban planning and management of 
facilities with GIS. GIS will be able to work efficiently and to 
reduce mapping costs. Furthermore, by sharing the data with 
their section in local government, it is possible to improve the 
service to a citizen. However, the maintenance and renewal of a 
map database need much labor and time. Map updating method 
was not established yet and, there are very few successful 
examples. The purpose of this research is establishment of the 
method of updating the large-scale map for a local government. 
In order to solve this problem, Remote Sensing by the High 
Resolution Satellite Imageries (HRSI) and Global Positioning 
System (GPS) was utilized for GIS. 
First, HRSI was introduced to GIS as a background map. Itis a 
digital image having the position data about latitude and 
longitude. Resolution of HRSI is about 60cm to 100cm in each 
pixel. HRSI after the ortho graphic projection process can be 
corresponded with BM. It is able to distinguish each house, so it 
has been used in various fields, such as river management, 
disaster prevention, road management, environment and facility 
management. Change of the city is easily found by overlapping 
the HRSI to BM with GIS. HRSI might be expected to offer 
several advantages in renewal and cost of digital map. 
Especially, waterworks and wastewater facilities in urban area 
would frequently change at short interval, so the digital data for 
GIS needs updating the new information quickly. 
The next is Real-Time Kinematic System (RTK-GPS) using 
GPS. RTK-GPS can be operated by one person. Accuracy of 
horizontal distance obtained by RTK-GPS has 1-3 cm at latitude 
and longitude. It is possible that digital map data update at real 
time using RTK-GPS which has high accuracy, simultaneity and 
cellular phone. In this study, it was defined as the REAL TIME 
GIS. RTK-GPS positioning data is Japanese Geodetic Datum 
2000 (JGD2000) of WGS-84, but most of the digital map of 
local government is still Tokyo Datum of old geodetic system. In 
order to correspond with two kinds of data which have different 
geodetic system, it is necessary to transform coordinates. 
2. CONCEPT AND SYSTEM OF REAL TIME GIS 
"REAL TIME GIS" is the system for real time mapping and 
updating the Map at the field site using RTK-GPS and GIS. It 
can be connected with cellular phone or Internet through which 
the stored data can be transmitted to the host computer with GIS 
database. The positioning time per point by RTK-GPS survey 
needed only a few seconds, and it was possible to survey by one 
person. Renewal of the map can be completed very quickly. 
Figure 1 shows the concept of “REAL TIME GIS”. 
The following step shows an example of gas pipe lines. 
1. Position of gas pipe was measured by RTK-GPS when it 
was constructed. 
Measured data sent to the map server by mobile phone 
and Internet. 
3. Original map data is renewed at real time. 
However, GPS data did not correspond the standard of Japan, 
because it had been adopted the BESSEL ellipsoid and Tokyo 
Datum as the general standard for a map geometry. Japan 
replaced the geometrical elements to GRS80 since April 1, 2002. 
While we can directly use GPS data to digital map data, 
modification of geodetic system causes the coordinates 
transformation between old system and new system. 
ho