International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
PRODIG laboratory and the physics department of the 
University of Nouakchott. The purchase of the SPOT images 
was subsidized by ISIS program of the CNES projects within 
the framework of a research program (CORUS Nouakchott). 
The validations were realized on the ground with the supporting 
of geologists, geomorphologic and physicists Mauritanian 
teams. 
REFERENCES 
Kohonen, T., 1984. Self organization and associative memory, 
Springer Series in Information Sciences, 8, Springer Verlag, 
Berlin 
Niang, A., Gross, L., Badran, F., 2003. Automatic neural 
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Sensing of Environment, 86(2) pp. 257-271 
Fritzke, B., 1994. Growing cell structures A self-organizing 
network for unsupervised and supervised learning, Neural 
Networks, 7(9), pp. 1441-1460 
Elouard, P., Faure, H., 1972. Quaternaire littoral de la région de 
Nouakchott et de la sebkha de Dramchma. Actes 6e Congres, 
panaf. PreAhist. Etude Quat. Dakar, pp. 49-54. 
Badran, F., Thiria, S., YACOUB, M., 2001. Cartes auto 
organisatrices et classification automatique, Laboratoire 
d'Océanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie (Lodyc), 
Paris6. 
Anouar, F., Badran, F., Thiria, S., 1997. Self organisation map, 
A probabilistic approach, proceedings of the Workshop on Self- 
Organisation Maps. Helsinki University of Technology, Espro. 
508 
Made, R., 1996. Heuristic and optimization approaches to 
extending the Kohonen sell organizing algorithm, European 
Journal of Operational Research, 93(2), pp 428-448. 
Courel, M.F., Leterrier, E., Le Rhun, J., 1998. L'environnement 
de la ville de Nouakchott un site à risques multiples, Télé 
Géomorphologie Géochronique, 6, pp 32-36. 
Courel, M.F., Bicheron, P., Mougin, E., 2000. Contribution de 
la télédétection à l'étude de la désertification, exemples choisis 
en Afrique de l'Ouest, Actes des 8èmes journées scientifiques 
du réseau de télédétection de l'AUF, Lausanne. Jarlan. 
Giresse, P., 2000. Successions of sea-level changes during the 
Pleistocene in Mauritania and Senegal distinguished by 
sedimentary facies study and U/Th dating, Marine Geology. 170 
pp 123-139. 
Weicheng, Wu., Courel, M.F., Le Rhun, J., 2003. Application 
of remote sensing to urban expansion analysis for Nouakchott, 
Mauritania. Geocarto International, 42 pp 28-32. 
Weicheng, Wu., Courel, M.F., Le Rhun, J., 2000. Coastal 
geomorphological change monitoring by remote sensing 
techniques in Nouakchott Remote sensing for environmental 
monitoring, GIS application and geology IIl, Manfred ehlers , 
Chair Editor. 
Haag, M., 1998. Anomalous directions of the natural remnant 
magnetization in Late Pleistocene marine sediments from the 
coast of Mauritania, Physics of the Earth and Planetary 
Interiors, 115, pp 81-100. 
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