2. Istanbul 2004 
  
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
In the experimental phase, following strategies have been 
used: 
e Landsat images are analysed based on the object- 
oriented approach using eCognition 3.0 software 
(Benz, 2004). At this stage; scale, color, shape, 
smoothness and compactness parameters have been 
assigned as 30, 0.8, 0.2, 0.9 and 0.1 respectively. 
After automatic segmentation, in differentiation of 
pure settlement areas and areas with coal waste, 
unsolved segments are manually corrected and 
thus, vectorized classes are derived. These classes 
are shown in Fig.2. 
e Vectorized classes are superimposed onto the pan- 
sharpened Ikonos image using MAPINFO 7.0 
software (Fig.3). 
e Topology is created by relating the database which 
was made for coal, coal-waste and settlement areas. 
e Under the GIS environment, coal and coal-waste 
are selected by query and then they superimposed 
onto the transparent Ikonos image (Fig. 4a, 4b, 5 
and 6) with the required statistics. From this work, 
it is determined that the size of coal and coal-waste 
areas have been increased to 4159800.0 m? in 2000 
from 2102400.8 m? in 1992. 
e Areas with coal-waste have been selected by query, 
and then this was superimposed onto the 
transparent Ikonos image (Fig.7a and 7b). Such a 
procedure will allow controlling the classification 
(Fig 8a and 8b) and also deriving the necessary 
statistics. From the obtained results, the dimension 
of the coal-waste areas extended to the 16450200.0 
m? in 2000 from 9749703.76 m? in 1992. 
2. CONCLUSIONS 
In this study, based on the classification of satellite images, 
temporal analysis of coal and coal-waste areas has been 
carried out between 1992 and 2000 under GIS environment 
with the required query and analysis. The acquired results are 
as follows: 
e Coal and coal-waste areas in ZMA are shown two 
times areal increase in 8 years period. 
e The dimension of the areas with coal-waste 
increased 1.7 times and this generated an 
511 
improvement in the use of such areas in the 
urbanized part. 
e The size of the area where coal and coal-waste 
occupy has reached to 7% in ZMA, it is also 
realized that the 24.2% of the area is covered partly 
by the coal and coal-waste. 
Acquired statistics also verify the environmental problems in 
the region. Coal solid wastes stocked in the shone line are 
transported with tides into the sea. The granular materials are 
then deposited on the seabed where plantations and 
environment of sea-habitants occupy. This situation 
influences the fish population and species negatively. 
In the past, people had swum in the coastal side, these areas 
are became forbidden for swimming in years of 2000. Apart 
from these, materials stored in the inner regions cause 
tarnishing in the surface waters. Moreover, coal waste 
particules suspended in the air affects the human health 
negatively. 
REFERENCES 
Benz, U. C. at all, 2004. Multi-resolution, object-oriented 
fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS-ready 
information. Elsevier ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & 
Remote Sensing, PHOTO-01282,No of pages 20, Amsterdam. 
DPT Kómür caligma grubu raporu (in Turkish), 1996. Yayin 
no: DPT: 2440-OIK:496. 
Erkin, E., 1999. Dórt maden kentinin de&isim óyküsü 1973- 
96 karsilastrmali bir analiz Zonguldak-Kozlu-Kilimli- 
Catalagzi (in Turkish), ISBN 975-7634-42-5, istanbul, 
Turkey. 3 
Lillesand,M. T , and Kiefer, W.R., 2000. Remote Sensing 
and Image Interpretation, Jhon Wiley and Sons, Inc. New 
York. 
www. die.gov.tr 
www. taskomur.gov.tr 
Acknowledgements 
This work was carried out under the international project 
supported by TUBITAK (Turkey)- JULICH (Germany) 
cooperation with a code no. 101 Y090