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International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
The situation of the solar-terrestrial space environment is not 
static, but is the kinds of form, many time scale disturbances: 
And the source of the space environment disturbances is sun. 
The solar activities directly influence the environment situation 
of earth space, and the high-energy radiation and particle flow, 
which caused by the sun eruption, can bring many earth 
physical effects around the earth. All kinds of solar activities 
mainly include solar flare, solar radio burst, Coronal Mass 
Ejection and high-speed: solar wind streams. And the 
disturbances: of the terrestrial space environment include 
geomagnetic disturbances, magnetospheric storm and substorm, 
ionospheric storm. The interplanetary disturbance includes 
interplanetary scintillation, interplanetary magnetic field variety 
and cosmic rays. 
In our research, the solar-terrestrial space environment includes 
atmosphere, ionospheric plasma, geomagnetic field, high- 
energy electric particle (solar cosmic rays, earth radiation belt 
and galactic cosmic rays), space debris and meteoroid. 
In order to numerically show the space environment elements, it 
needs some environment modes. And the environment mode 
transits all kinds of space environment process and phenomenal 
into the forms can be calculated, and describes by more concept 
and quantitative models. Based on the research and analysis to 
the current space environment modes, the static distributing 
space environment ^ element ^ modes ^ include the 
following. (JIANG,2001) The atmosphere modes include MSIS, 
MET (Marshall Engineering Thermosphere), HWM (Horizontal 
neutral wind Mode) and CIRA (COSPAR International 
Reference Atmosphere) mode. The ionospheric plasma modes 
include IRI (International Reference lonosphere) and Chiu 
model. The = geomagnetic field mode “includes IGRF 
(International geomagnetic Reference Field) model. The high- 
energy electric particle mode includes AE8& APS model. Also 
space debris and meteoroid have their own models. In addition, 
ISO/TC20/SC14/WG4 defines. the standard ^ about; Space 
environment models. 
2.3 The Concept of SIS 
To show better. about thé entire solar-terrestrial space 
environment, we consider all objects and ‘its one - other 
influences: in space as the whole body, and form the concept 
prototype of SIS finally. 
SIS is the scientific system based the space information science. 
It applies model space information theory to study: information 
processing, data organizing, space modelling and digital 
expressing of the solar-terrestrial space. objects and its space 
environment. Moreover, it uses SciV technology to three- 
dimension reproduction and visualization interactivity of space 
objects, including Aerospace vehicle, natural body and space 
debris and so on, and its environment. And it has some space 
analysis, communication analysis, as well as evaluation 
functions. The system flow chart in appendix 
Its research objects are all objects in the solar-terrestrial space, 
and research range is the entire solar-terrestrial space, and 
research contents are space objects’ visualization modelling and 
expressing. Certainly, it can be applied to study space objects’ 
interactive influence. 
3. THE NECESSARY AND FEASIBILITY OF 
APPLYING GIS TO SIS RESEARCH 
3.1 The Necessary of Applying GIS to SIS 
3.1.1 Studying Space itself 
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The space environment is the foundation of human from earth 
into ‘space. Be compared with the ground environment, the 
space environment is more complex. Because the space 
environment includes many objects; involves large space scale 
and suffers more variation, describing the average distribution 
situation of the space environment looks very important. 
Especially, with the development of space technology. the 
space activities are more frequent. And the aerospace vehicles 
circle in different orbit space fields; the space environment 
should influence not only the aerospace vehicles, but also its 
material; apparatus; cabin equipment and cosmonaut in different 
degree. With the more development of space resource utilizing, 
people need the space weather to protect our space. activities: 
Exploration, research, ‘understanding ‘and commanding the 
space environment condition and applying them to serve our 
space activities also become the necessary components in space 
utilizing. 
3.1.2... Studying the Sun-Earth Space As the Entire Body 
Át present, more scientists gradually recognize the essentiality 
of studying the solar-terrestrial space system as the entire body. 
Although the solar-terrestrial space system is been divided into 
many: fields; their mutual relation is very close and influence 
one other. The main character of the space environment around 
earth is affected by the energy condition and variation from the 
sun. All kinds of the space environment variation and all the 
space environment effect are sourced from the solar variety. 
3.1.3 The Necessary of Applying GIS 
Although GIS is mainly applied to geographic research, its.aim 
and contents are expanded. more fields’ and many. theory, 
methods can be used in: SIS. At present, the research about the 
solar-terrestrial space is immersed in physics, mathematics 
calculation and graphic visualization. How does we utilize these 
mathematics models for aeronautics mission and offer analysis 
and assistant decision-making functions, is becoming the stress 
of the current: space environment. research. Moreover, GIS 
technology ‘is the important tools: that can make; the space 
environment model into spatial = disperse, parameter. and 
visualization. In other words, GIS offer two-dimension, three- 
dimension running frame by itself.(Li,2002) Because kinds of 
data have its difference time-space scale and survey methods, it 
should impose them into uniform geographic reference system 
in actual application. Thus they can be used in: form of grid, 
polygon, line, points and so on. In order to resolve these 
problems, we need GIS to assist: the solar-terrestrial space 
environment research. 
3.2 The Feasibility of Applying GIS to SIS 
3.2.1 Many Observation Data and Environment Models 
With the advancement of observation, detection methods: to the 
space environment, huge observation data are been accumulated. 
Using the related data and mathematic base; scientist: work out 
the corresponding mathematic models about the space 
environment elements. The physical description to all kinds of 
the space environment elements becomes the time-space digital 
description. “All kinds of “historical data, index data’ and 
environment variety data about the space environment was been 
integrated into the standard. database, such as Oracle8i, SQL 
Server. These data, same with the data in GIS; can be calculated 
to get the. space data having space situation and time specialty 
by using some data models and transform. By these processing,