International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 
Vol XXXV, Part B3. Istanbul 2004 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
So Trimble 5700 Leica TR530 
VRS Positioning 20 epochs / 1 Set 
n NS EW UP n NS EW UP 
Larger Ref. Network the average 95 -19 -51 146 97 -25 -63 146 
Geodetic Coord. 2000 | standard deviation 24.3 17.4 41.2 17.6 16.3 41.2 
the average -20 -47 147 -28 -57 136 
42 40 
standard deviation 22 4 17.7 38.1 13.9 15.7 40.1 
the average -9 -63 132 -15 -76 150 
25 30 
standard deviation 25.1 151 37.1 19.3 12.9 40.1 
the average -26 -45 156 -31 -59 158 
28 27 
standard deviation 24.9 132 46.9 16.7 12.7 41.8 
Larger Ref. Network the average 59 -119 51 41 65 -115 48 28 
Recent Analytic Coord. | standard deviation 16.1 17.0 31.0 17.7 14.5 31.6 
the average -114 55 31 -115 55 24 
26 37 
standard deviation 13.5 13.1 24.4 20.6 11.6 29.7 
the average ls -114 40 49 T -110 34 28 
standard deviation 13.0 16.8 29.3 10.1 12.4 23.4 
the average is -132 55 46 (0 -120 44 40 
standard deviation s ] 7.5 18.7 39.9 16.8 12.4 47.9 
Smaller Ref. Network the average 58 "7 -21 23 54 -6 -22 11 
Geodetic Coord. 2000 | standard deviation 17.5 15.2 26.9 15.3 13.0 22.7 
the average -10 -19 26 -10 -21 9 
24 23 
standard deviation 22.0 12.3 22 6 17.1 6.4 18.5 
the average -3 -31 ]^ 2 -35 12 
18 16 
standard deviation 11.9 13.9 30.2 14.6 9.0 23.3 
the average -8 -14 27 -7 -11 12 
16 15 
standard deviation 15.3 15.3 28.8 9.4 12.8 26.9 
Smaller Ref. Network the average 39 -114 47 -12 44 -121 49 -38 
Recent Analytic Coord. | standard deviation 15.7 13.6 19.3 10.9 10.2 20.6 
the average -123 55 -22 -125 54 -34 
21 26 
standard deviation 10.9 9.9 14.1 9.5 72 23.9 
the average -104 38 -] -114 42 -44 
18 18 
standard deviation 13.9 11.9 18.8 9.7 10.3 13.5 
the average 
standard deviation 
Traditional RTK-GPS the average 57 2 -19 18 50 -16 -20 -13 
Geodetic Coord. 2000 | standard deviation 19.1 14.1 30.8 16.0 14.7 22.1 
the average 5 -15 7 -10 -11 -20 
26 27 
standard deviation 18.5 11.9 26.4 13.0 11.0 19.6 
the average -7 -29 37 -11 -37 -19 
= 16 16 
standard deviation 11.8 11.7 30.4 12.6 9.] 18.8 
the average 4 -17 18 -31 -18 3 
15 7 
standard deviation 24.1 15.8 30.4 13.9 8.9 21.6 
  
  
  
Table 4. Summary of positioning results by RTK-GPS and their precisions (unit: mm) 
868 
Inte 
Thi 
pos 
pro 
ex 
difi 
obs 
is A 
Co 
the 
esp 
refe 
"rei 
Cox 
be « 
thei 
bet 
the 
wit 
the 
refe 
It s 
sufi 
visi 
poii 
the 
som 
poit 
it is 
com 
pos 
the 
nun 
Ho 
obs 
Syst 
con 
Coc 
GP: 
also 
curt 
aroi 
imp