International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004
10). In scenario 1, at time T3, the configuration of B and C
(scenario 2) could not be achieved because the TTC (A) is no
longer an active object. Prior to achieving the scenario 2
configuration as shown at time T2 in scenario 1, l'TCs B and C
have to be killed and TTC A must be reincarnated. These steps
are explained as follows and demonstrated in Figure 11.
At time T2:
[a] Wrong configuration, which needs to be corrected.
At time T3:
[b] Delete (U) TTCs (B and C) and corresponding faces and
TCT (not shown in the figure for simplification reasons).
[c] Reincarnate (f) TTC (A), which includes the reincarnations
of TCTs (not shown for simplification reasons).
[d] Create TTC (B) to achieve desired temporal cell complex
configuration.
The example shown here for TTC can be applied for ZTC and
OTC. However, more work is needed to analyze the scenario
when applying/designing the Reincarnate operators for ZTC
and OTC.
T1 T2 T1 T2
nt nt
Sip E
a1 at M
bol
| 6^]
N
1 e a2 a2
pres xut p
‘ A , a5 i ’ a3
: C/A : A : C/A | B/A
rer : a3 e LL :
ab
Figure 10. Scenario 2: Actual
configuration of TTCs (B and
C) at time T2.
Figure 9. Scenario 1: Wrong
configuration of TTCs (B and
C) at time T2.
T1 T2 T3
: BIA 24 :
Temporal + A + 85 . A
Cell . , ; .
Complex | , CIA t
dario » a2
: "LS
| A : ‘a + |c/a| BA
(al x (6) © td)
Desrred configuration
Wrong configuration
Figure 11. Reincarnate (T) operator: Demonstration of
retroactive change
6. CONCLUSION
Designing a spatiotemporal data model is a complex process. In
this paper, four fundamental dynamic operators (Create, Kill,
Delete. and Reincarnate) are identified and applied to the
TwoTCellClass of CTSTDM. It has been demonstrated that by
employing object-oriented concepts and mathematical theory of
point-set approach, the complexity can be diluted. The Create
operator has been applied to the cases in which TTC intersects
with TTC. Based on empty and nonempty combinations, seven
valid cases are discussed. The Kill operator has been applied
for shared-face and isolated TTC. It has been demonstrated
how the TTC can be killed and reincarnated. In all operations
the spatiotemporal topology is preserved in the cell tuple
structure. Designing operators in this fashion may pave the way
to fill the gap between concepts, design, and implementation of
a functional temporal GIS.
7. REFERENCES
Bochner, P., 2003. ADT (Application Development Trends)
2003 Innovator Awards Component-based Development
Winner, "Objects Keep Track of County Addresses", USA.
hitp://www.adtmag.com/article.asp?id= 7448 (accessed 13 April
2004).
Brisson, E., 1990. Representation of d-dimensional geometric
object, Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington.
Egenhofer, LM. E. Clementini, and P. Felice, 1994.
Topological relations between regions with holes, /JGIS
(International Journal of Geographical Information Science),
Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 129-142.
Egenhofer, J.M., 1993. A model for detailed binary topological
relationships, Geomatica, Vol. 47, No. 3 and 4, pp. 261-273.
Raza, A., and W. Kainz, 2002. An object-oriented approach for
modeling urban land use changes. Journal of the Urban and
Regional Information Systems Association (URISA), Vol. 14,
No. |, pp 37-55.
Raza, A., and W. Kainz, 2000a. Designing operators for object-
oriented spatio-temporal data model. The International Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Amsterdam,
the Netherlands, Vol. XXXIII, Part B4, pp. 863-870.
Raza, A., and W. Kainz, 2000b. An object-oriented approach
for modeling urban land use changes. In: The Proceedings of
the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association,
Florida, USA, pp. 20-25.
Raza, A., and W. Kainz, 1999. Cell tuple based spatio-temporal
data model: an object oriented approach. In: The Proceedings
of the Eighth ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge
Management (CIKM'99) and Symposium on Geographic
Information Systems (G1S'99), Kansas City, Missouri, USA,
pp. 20-25.
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