International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004 
  
  
    
   
    
   
  
  
   
    
  
    
  
    
  
the 3D model of aerial photo. VGS is a combined system of 
digital SLR camera with GPS, angle sensor and host PC. The 
outline and flow of these systems are as follows. 
2.1 3D Image Surveying Station PI-3000 
While we have already developed 3D Image Surveying Station 
PI-3000 (Table 1), and now we have also developed the bundle 
adjustment software, which can process simultaneously all 
images from aerial film camera to ground digital camera. Now 
we can process altogether not only the image of film camera but 
also of that of digital camera with all the differences in 
resolution. 
In addition, we have developed a special technique to display 
3D model on monitor. By using Open GL capability of PC, this 
system can display in different angle and resolution the image 
reconstructed. through 3D measurement with wire-frame or 
texture-mapping model in real time on PC monitor. 
  
   
  
    
  
  
  
Image/Coordin DXF,CSV,TXT,SIM,TIN,JPG,TIFF,BMP 
ate Input 
Orientation Single Photo Orientation, 
Bundle Adjustment ,Relative Orientation, 
Connecting with Total Station 
  
   
    
   
3D Making Rectified Image, 3D Plotting / 
Measurement / Editing (point, line), DSM Automatic 
Plotting Measurement, Making TIN / Editing 
  
   
  
  
  
  
Display Model Display on PC (OpenGL), 
Stereo Monitor 
  
  
  
  
  
Re-construction | Making Ortho-Birds Eye Image, Contour- 
Image lines, Cross section, 3D Modelling 
  
    
  
  
Outputs DXF,CSV,SIM,TXT,TIN,WRL,JPG 
  
  
  
    
     
  
   
    
    
    
    
   
   
      
       
        
  
    
Table 1. Function of PI-3000 
2.2 Photo-shooting Guiding system VGS 
VGS is the device which guides the photo-shooting position on 
the ground, using the 3D model produced by PI-3000, or using 
the control points measured with Total Station (TS) or GPS. 
VGS is the system in which are combined and integrated digital 
camera, GPS, angle sensor, and the host computer (e.g. PDA). 
In future, we can make a handy photo measuring system by 
putting whole system together within a single digital camera. At 
this time, however, we made a pilot experiment to confirm the 
feasibility of the VGS system by using the devices available at 
hand. The Figure ! shows its block structure and Figure 2 
shows how it looks. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
——— — € iLINK Host PC 
CE eoqium. c lan A > 
! | Digital Camera ái 
i USB e bise 
| 3-Axis Orientation Sensor [7 Safran 
| | RS-232C 
|| GPS ; » 
Display Open-GL 
  
Figure 1. Block Structure 
GPS 
   
Notebook PC 
or PDA 
3-Axis Orientation Sensor 
Digital Camera 
Figure 2. VGS 
The digital camera we used was SLR type sold in market, 
which shows finder image in LCD of camera as moving image 
and in which the image comes out as iLINK (IEEE1394). For 
the host PC we used a notebook PC. We made the display of 
block figure the display of notebook PC, which can display the 
finder image in real time. 
| 
3-Axis angle sensor is not so accurate, for it shows 1 degree. 
It's market price is low (about $ 1700). We connected it with 
USB of PC. As for GPS, we used LEGACY-E/GD compatible 
to RTK of Topcon. The specification of other devices than PC 
is on Table 2. The main functions of VGS are shown in Table 3 
and its displayed image is in Figure 3. 
{Composition Model Specifications 
12/3-type interline CCD HM | 
Digital ^ |DiMAGE7 | 
i|Camera** je Minoltae see | 4.95 million pixels | 
| | |* 8568x1928** | 
GPS ÍLEGACY-E/GD Accuracy Kinematic, RIK» | 
| (TOPCON)** Horizontal:1Frequency® £15 | 
| | imm* 4.5ppm* D)mse* 
| | ‚Vertical: 1 Frequency®* (30m 
| | im* 4.5ppm* BD)mse* 
3-axis IneritaCube2 Angular Resolution**0.05* = 
lorientation (INTERSENSE) Accuracy +1» RMS(Static) *| 
Eons) | i3* RMS(Dynamic)* | 
Î 
Table 2. Specification of devices 
  
Image Display Photographed Image, Finder Image, 
3D Model 
  
Superimpose Control Points, < Overlap Condition> 
  
Position Information Positions €X,Y,Z« * 
Posture* Xaw ,Pitch ,Roll« * 
Photo-Shooting Distance, Base length 
  
Camera Information Focal Lengths Pixel resolution 
  
  
  
Measuring Accuracy | + KY- + Zee < Overlap ratio > 
  
Table 3. Function of VGS* * + eptar for the futures * 
  
   
Internation 
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| (e) Camera 
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(n Camera 
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Af Oams E 
| Aire) 
  
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From these 
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