DEVELOPMENT OF IMAGE BASED INTEGRATED MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR CLOSE-RANGE APPLICATION
T. OHDAKE*, H. CHIKATSU
Tokyo Denki University, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
350-0394 HATOYAMA, SAITAMA, JAPAN — (ohdake, chikatsu)@g.dendai.ac.jp
Commission V, WG V/1
KEY WORDS: Integration, System, Calibration, Algorithms, Measurement, Image, Laser, Performance
ABSTRACT:
A convenient 3D measurement using amateur digital cameras is enormously expected in various fields with appearance of the high-
resolution amateur digital cameras. In these circumstances, software for low-cost digital photogrammetry “3DiVision” was designed
to perform convenient 3D measurement using amateur digital cameras. However, there are still problems for efficient digital
photogrammetry. These problems are distance measurement for absolute orientation and previous interior orientation, and these
restrictions should be removed for ideal convenient photogrammetry using amateur digital cameras.
With this objective, Image Based Integrated Measurement (IBIM) System consisting of 5 parts: mirrors, amateur digital camera,
laser range finder, personal computer and monitor was developed by the authors. The most remarkable point of this system is its
ability to calculate both of exterior and interior orientation parameters without scale distance or GCP in object field. This paper
describes the Image Based Integrated Measurement System, and its performance evaluation.
1. INTRODUCTION
The change in photogrammetry from analog to digital means a
change from film to CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor, and
real-time imaging became possible. CCD, which was invented
in 1970's, is one of the electric charge transfer device in
semiconductor, and its resolution was about only 10K bytes at
the first stage. However, there are various high-resolution
armature digital cameras, which have more than 3 mega pixels
on the market nowadays, and 43,400,000 sets of amateur digital
cameras were shipped in 2003. On the contrary, 13,930,000 sets
of film camera were shipped (CIPA, 2004). Furthermore,
acceleration of downsizing is current trends. In these
circumstances, amateur digital cameras are expected to
contribute enormously to digital photogrammetric field, and
there are various digital photogrammetric software on the
market.
The authors have been concentrating on developing a
convenient 3D measurement system using amateur digital
cameras. Performance evaluation of 3-mega armature digital
cameras was investigated (Kunii & Chikatsu, 2001).
Measurement device using amateur digital cameras and laser
range finder was developed which doesn’t need any surveying
on an object field, and software “3DiVision” was designed to
perform convenient 3D measurements (Chikatsu & Kunii 2002).
Furthermore, application of 3DiVision to 3D modelling of
historical object was also investigated from the viewpoint of
digital archives (Nakada & Chikatsu 2003).
In order to realize convenient digital photogrammetry by using
armature digital camera, however, there are still issues
including 3DiVision. These problems are ground control points,
previous interior orientation procedures. Generally, digital
photogrammetry is performed using under alternative
conditions:
a) Ground control points, which have accurate 3D-coordinate.
b) Scale distance on object field, which is needed in absolute
orientation.
c) Interior orientation procedures, which are performed
previously.
These restrict conditions should be removed for ideal
convenient photogrammetry. With this motive, Image Based
Integrated Measurement (IBIM) System was developed by the
authors. The most remarkable point of this IBIM is its ability to
calculate both exterior and interior orientation parameters
simultaneously without scale distance, GCP and previous
interior orientation procedures. After describing the IBIM,
performance evaluation is investigated in this paper.
2. IMAGE BASED INTEGRATED
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
Image Based Integrated Measurement (IBIM) System
developed by the authors consists of 5 parts: mirrors, amateur
digital camera, laser range finder, personal computer and
monitor. Figure 1 shows the appearance of this system, and
Figure 2 shows the configuration. The IBIM is able to rotate in
vertically and horizontally so that precise space distance from
the center of a camera to feature points on object field can be
measured, and images are taken through the capture device with
real-time. Therefore, onsite camera calibration and 3D
measurement are achieved. The specifications of this system are
as follows.
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