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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part BS. Istanbul 2004
parts: geometry conversion and texture mapping. In the
geometric part the object coordinates and the topology
information are converted. (Heuvel, 1998)
3. PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND CULTURAL
HERITAGE
Developments in the sciences of photogrammetry and image
processing over the past decade or so have seen an increase in
the automation of the data collection process, ranging from high
precision industrial applications through to simple solutions for
non-traditional users (for example, 3D Builder and Photo
Modeler). In addition, systems that use imagery from consumer
digital and analogue video systems and sequences of images
have almost automated the creation of three-dimensional (3D)
models (as has the development of 3D laser scanners (Ogleby,
1999).
4. CASESTUDY
In this study the monastery of Christ Pantepoptes (Eski Imaret-i
Atik Cami) in Fatih was selected to sample building for the case
study (Figure. 1) Fatih is situated at the slopes of the fourth hill
in the Historic Peninsula in Istanbul. The district starts at the
shores of the Golden Horn-Halic, and extends up the slopes
along the Atatürk Boulevard. Retaining walls reaching up to 15
meters are to be found at some spots along the Atatürk
Boulevard, as well as dykes and terraces dating from the
Byzantine period. These structures present an interesting view
in the direction of Galata, Golden Horn, and the Historic
Peninsula. (Gülersoy et all, 2001).
The monastery of Christ Pantepoptes is known to have been
either founded or renovated by Anna Dalassena, mother of
Alexius I Comnenus (1081-1118). Built on the summit of the
City's fourth hill, above the underground cisterns, it commands
a magnificent view of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus. The
location explains the name Pantepoptes, i.e. the All-Seeing. The
church is of the cross-inscribed type with four columns
supporting a dome. Its ground plan is that of a three-aisled
church with two narthexes. Though in a. state of neglect, the
elegantly proportioned building has retained the fine decorative
brick work of the exterior, the shallow niches, the arches
framing single or triple windows, the arcade of the gallery on
the west side, the meander and rosette friezes, as well as
sections of the cornices carved with palmettes.
Figure 1. The sample building
4.1 Photogrammetric Documentation
Detailed geometric information of the sample building was
derived from architectural photogrammetry and geodetic
measurements. (EI Din, 2000). The images were taken with
439
Rollei D7 metric camera. The images were not taken normal
case. The control points (approx. 35) were realized by using
geodetic techniques. The control points were measured using
Pentax total station.
In this step the image coordinates and lines were measured
manually each image. The process of tie point measurement has
to be done interactively and thercfore is very time consuming.
Together line measurement the object topology was specified
and thereby the coplanarity of the lines bordering a face. This
topological information must be stored alongside the point
identifiers and coordinates in the data set. In our study we used
the low-cost program Photo Modeler by Eos Systems Inc. for
point measurement and definition of topology (Eos Systems
Inc., 1997). The photogrammetric evaluation was done partly.
Afterwards creating 3D model can be transferred to DXF
format and then merged in AutoCAD. Fig.2 shows an example
of photogrammetric evaluation and 3D wire frame model of the
monastery model of Christ Pantepoptes (Duran and Toz, 2002).
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Figure 2. Examples of the photogrammetric evaluation and 3D
wire frame model of the monastery model of Christ Pantepoptes
4.1 Rendering and Animation
After digital data were merged for 3D modeling in AutoCAD, it
was saved as .dxf file. This file was imported into Max. After
editing photos of the monastery of Christ Pantepoptes (Eski
[maret-i Atik Cami) in Adobe Photoshop, they were stacked on
surfaces of building by using mapping technique in material
editor of 3D StudioMAX. Stacking photos on surface of the
