Full text: Proceedings, XXth congress (Part 5)

   
stanbul 2004 
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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B5. Istanbul 2004 
  
The GPS data was kinematically post processed while data 
acquisition times and modality for the data coming from the 
compass, was varied cach time in order to optimise the system as 
well as identify the best way to calibrate it. 
The same measurements were also taken from C2, the location 
of the two stations can be seen in figure. The static baselines S3- 
S1 and S3-S2 were then measured in order to have double points 
to be used for the reference system transformation. 
The data were then elaborated once the survey was completed, 
with the data acquired via Polifemo directly giving the six 
external orientation parameters of the images, as follows: 
- . the GPS baseliness were cinematically elaborated, to give 
the coordinates of both the phase center antennas at the time 
of shooting (event-marker); 
- the angular values corresponding to the time of shooting 
were linearly interpolated; 
- the coordinates in WGS84 system were transformed into 
the local geodetic system, by means of the three double 
points: S1, S2, S5. 
- the spatial coordinates of C1 and C2 were finally calculated. 
  
  
Figure 10. Test area: Cetara Tower (Salerno, Italy 
The coordinates of the twenty two GCPs in a local geodetic 
System with the origin point S1 were calculated by elaborating 
the standard measurements. It is worth noting that not all the 
  
points were used, some because they were not stereoscopic, 
others due to problems that affected accuracy. 
The two images were orientated by Stereoview 300 ver. 2.8.2 
developed by Menci Software using the GCPs acquired giving 
excellents rsults in term of accuracy. 
In order to compare the orientation parameters, those ones 
estimated by using photogrammetric technique have been 
transformed in the same local geodetical system in which the 
parameters estimated by Polifemo were computed. 
The differences between the positioning parameters between the 
attitude parameters reach value that are doubtless quite high and 
can be explained only in part with the low accuracy related with 
the used compass. The parameters accuracy is probably also 
influenced by both the accuracy of the inner geometry of the 
camera and other causes that must be investigated. 
6. CONCLUSIONS 
The tests carried out up until now have demonstrated the 
"theoretical" huge potential of the measuring system as well as 
its versatility. This system could in fact be used to carry out 
surveys using vehicles that are not usually used such as cars, 
helicopters and boats. Nevertheless, the results of the test are not 
very reassuring. In the next experimentation we try to increase 
the precision by better calibrating the system and adding 
geometrical constraints. 
The system was tested on the tower of Cetara (SA) and will 
subsequently be tested on the rest of the Amalfitan Coast in 
order to evaluate how accurate it actually is as well as how "real 
life" the final product is. 
REFERENCES 
Caruso, M.J., 2000. Applications of Magnetic Sensors for Low 
Cost Compass Systems. In: [ELE Positioning, Location, and 
Navigation Symposium, San Diego, USA. 
Ellum, C.M., El-Sheimy, N., 2002. Land-Based Integrated 
Systems for Mapping and GIS Applications. Survey Review, 
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Ellum, C.M., El-Sheimy, N., 2001. A Mobile Mapping System 
for the Survey Community. In: The 3rd International 
Symposium on Mobile Mapping Technology (MMS 2001), 
Cairo, Egypt, on CD-ROM. 
El-Sheimy, N., 1996. The Development of VISAT — A Mobile 
Survey System for GIS applications. Ph.D. thesis, Report n. 
20101, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of 
Calgary. 
El-Sheimy, N., 2002. A Low-Cost Portable Mobile Mapping 
(PMM) System integrating GPS, Attitud Sensor and Digital 
Camera. . In: ION GPS. 
Fraser, C.S., 1992. Photogrammetric measurement to one part 
in a million. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote 
Sensing, 58(3). 
Li, R., 1997. Mobile Mapping: An Emerging Technology for 
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